欧阳吉华

摘 要：为了加强对世界各大洲国家田径竞技实力的了解，提高我国田径竞技实力，采用文献资料法、比较分析法和数理统计法等对近10年6届世界大赛各大洲和各国家获得的金牌数和奖牌数进行统计分析，了解各大洲和各国家男子中长距离跑运动项目竞技实力。结果表明： 按照金牌和奖牌数量对世界各大洲男子中长距离跑运动项目竞技实力进行划分，依次为非洲、欧洲、美洲、大洋洲和亚洲;肯尼亚综合竞技实力最强，埃塞俄比亚竞技实力提升、英国长距离项目拥有绝对的统治力、美国表现中规中矩，世界其他国家和地区竞技实力弱;非洲拥有强大的统治力、欧洲拥有较强的实力、美洲拥有一定的潜力、大洋洲和亚洲竞技实力最弱。

关键词：田径;男子;中长跑;竞争格局;态势

中图分类号：G808

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-2808（2021）03-0092-05

Abstract：In order to strengthen the continents of the world track and field competitive strength， improve the competitive strength of track and field in China， using the method of documentary， comparison and mathematical statistics method and so on for nearly 10 years six world series continents and countries won gold MEDALS and MEDALS for statistical analysis， understand the continents and countries man in the long run sports competitive strength. The results show that： according to the number of gold MEDALS and MEDALS， the competitive strength of mens middle and long distance running events in different continents is divided into Africa， Europe， America， Oceania and Asia. Kenya has the strongest comprehensive competitive strength， Ethiopia has improved competitive strength， Britain has absolute dominance in long distance events， the United States is normal， and other countries and regions in the world are weak in competitive strength. Africa has strong dominance， Europe has strong strength， America has a certain potential， Oceania and Asia are the weakest in competitive strength.

Key words：Track and field; Man; Middle-distance race; Competitive landscape; Situational

奧运会田径比赛和世界田径锦标赛作为田径顶级赛事，其奖牌榜反映各参赛国的总体实力，奖牌分布则直观清晰地反映其竞争格局和发展态势[1]。在田径比赛中，通常将800m～10 000m称为中长距离跑（3 000m障碍跑不在本研究范围之内），800m和1 500m称为中距离跑，5 000m和10 000m称为长距离跑。依据田麦久教授的项群理论，中长距离跑运动项目是一项耐力性运动项目，其需要人体速度和耐力相结合，方能取得优秀成绩。由于非洲地区人种和生活环境的原因，在中长距离跑运动天赋和专项训练方面具有得天独厚的优势，并且在世界大赛中取得优异成绩。……