何桂霞 胡文运 孙秀邦

摘要 [目的]防御和减少雷电给人民生命财产造成的损失，科学有效防范自然灾害风险。[方法]采用python 3.7、contourf函数作为统计分析方法，对宣城市2010—2018年ADTD型闪电定位资料进行统计分析，得出宣城市闪电特征，划分雷电易发区域。[结果]宣城市闪电以负闪为主;闪电日变化呈单峰单谷型，午后多夜间少，闪电高峰值时段出现在14：00—18：00，0：00—12：00闪电次数较少且平稳;闪电月变化呈单峰单谷型，暖季多冷季少，以6—9月居多，1—2月、10—12月闪电很少;闪电年际变化呈多峰多谷型;年平均闪电密度主要集中在1.0～8.0次/（km2·a）;闪电强度主要集中在10～70kA，平均閃电强度高值区域主要分布在宣城市中部地区。雷电高易发区主要分布在宣城市中部地区，较高易发区主要分布在宣城市中东部、西部地区，中等易发区主要分布在宣城市北部、西南部地区，一般易发区主要分布在宣城市南部地区。[结论]该研究结果对指导宣城市科学有效防雷减灾、合理安排工农业生产、农村雷电灾害风险管理、重大工程气候可行性论证、建设工程规划选址等具有非常重要的现实意义。

关键词 闪电特征;雷电易发区;宣城市

中图分类号 P.429文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）02-0216-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.02.058

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Study on Lightning Characteristics and Lightning Prone Areas in Xuancheng City

HE Guixia， HU Wenyun， SUN Xiubang （Xuancheng City Meteorological Bureau， Xuancheng， Anhui 242000）

Abstract [Objective]To prevent and reduce the loss of peoples life and property caused by lightning and prevent the risk of natural disasters scientifically and effectively. [Method]Using python3.7 and contourf functions as the statistical analysis method， the data of ADTD lightning location in Xuancheng from 2010 to 2018 were statistically analyzed， the lightning characteristics of Xuancheng City were obtained and the lightning prone areas were divided. [Result]The results showed that negative lightning is dominant in Xuancheng City; the daily variation of lightning is single peak and single valley， more in the afternoon and less in the night， the lightning peak period appears in 14：00-18：00， 0：00-12：00 lightning times are less and more stable; the monthly variation of lightning is single peak and single valley， warmer seasons and cooler ones， from June to September is the most， JanuaryFebruary， OctoberDecember lightning rarely; the interannual variation of lightning is multipeak and multivalley; the annual average lightning density is mainly concentrated in 1.0-8.0 times/（km2·a）; lightning intensity is mainly concentrated in the range of 10 to 70kA， the high value of average lightning intensity is mainly distributed in the central area of Xuancheng City; the lightning high prone areas are mainly distributed in the central region of Xuancheng City， the higher prone areas are mainly distributed in the central， eastern and western regions of Xuancheng City， the middle prone areas are mainly distributed in the northern and southwestern regions of Xuancheng City. [Conclusion]The research results are of great practical significance in guiding Xuancheng City in scientific and effective lightning protection and disaster reduction， climate feasibility demonstration of major projects， site selection of construction projects， rational arrangement of industrial and agricultural production， and risk management of lightning disasters in rural areas.

Key words Lightning characteristics;Lightning prone area;Xuancheng City

雷电是雷暴天气的重要组成部分，是自然大气中超强、超长放电现象[1]，破坏力巨大。近年来，随着国民经济和科技水平的发展，尤其是电子技术的快速发展，雷电造成的危害日益凸显。雷电灾害被联合国有关组织列为“最严重的十种自然灾害之一”，被国际电工委员会（IEC）确定为“电子时代的一大公害”。……