氮磷用量对花生产量的影响
2021-06-17王苏影刘宗发程春明周乐明熊清云喻凤琴胡金和胡文秀符强王文龙
王苏影 刘宗发 程春明 周乐明 熊清云 喻凤琴 胡金和 胡文秀 符强 王文龙



摘要 以赣花8号为材料,研究了不同用量磷肥(0、45、90、135、180kg/hm2,以P2O5计,对照为当地习惯施肥)和氮肥(0、60、 90、120、150 kg/hm2,以N计,对照为当地习惯施肥)对南昌地区花生产量的影响。结果表明,氮、磷肥主要是通过影响花生的饱果数、百果重、百仁重等影响产量。在氮肥(N)用量90kg/hm2、磷肥(P2O5)用量90kg/hm2時,花生产量最高,节肥效果最好。与当地习惯施肥相比,该肥料用量水平可使花生产量增加8.97%,磷肥用量减少50%,氮肥用量减少14.3%。
关键词 花生;氮肥;磷肥;产量
中图分类号 S565.2文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2021)02-0147-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.02.040
开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application on Peanut Yield
WANGSuying, LIU Zongfa,CHENG Chunminget al (Grain and Oil Crops Research Institute,Nanchang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang,Jiangxi330025)
Abstract Using Ganhua 8 as material, the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer (0,45,90,135,180kg/hm2,calculated as P2O5, compared with local customary fertilization) and nitrogen fertilizer (0,60,90,120,150kg/hm2, calculated in N, compared with local customary fertilization) application on peanut yield in Nanchang were studied. The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer mainly affected the yield by affecting the number of peanuts filled, 100seed weight and 100kernel weight. When the amount of nitrogen fertilizer (N) was 90 kg /hm2 and the amount of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5)was90 kg /hm2, the peanut yield was the highest and the effect of saving fertilizer was the best. Compared with the local customary fertilization, the fertilizer application level could increase peanut yield by 8.97%, reduce phosphorus application by 50%, and nitrogen application by 14.3%.
Key words Peanut;Nitrogen fertilizer;Phosphate fertilizer;Yield
花生是我国重要的食用油和蛋白质来源[1-2],也是重要的工业原料,在国民经济和社会发展中具有较高地位。合理施肥是提高花生产量的有效途径,不同花生品种类型对氮、磷、钾三大营养元素的吸收累积特性表现出不同的特征[3]。氮素是花生生长发育及产量和品质形成的关键,能够促进花生枝多叶茂、开花结果和荚果饱满,对花生产量的形成至关重要。适量的氮肥可显著提高花生光合作用,促进碳氮代谢和相关酶活性,增加百仁重,提高花生蛋白质和氨基酸含量[4]。李向东等[5-6]研究提出,花生的根瘤固氮能够满足花生需氮量的40%~50%。花生根瘤菌的固氮水平与供氮水平呈显著负相关[7],且随着施氮量的增加,氮素对根瘤固氮的限制作用加强[8]。磷对花生生长发育起着重要作用,缺磷会导致花生根系根瘤发育不良、植株生长缓慢、荚果不饱满和出仁率低等问题[9]。……
