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山腊梅叶挥发油对血管性痴呆大鼠认知障碍的改善作用

2021-06-17王延伍沙沙徐婷饶光玲刘晓龙李亚锋钱海兵

安徽农业科学 2021年2期

王延 伍沙沙 徐婷 饶光玲 刘晓龙 李亚锋 钱海兵

摘要 [目的]探討山腊梅叶挥发油对血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)大鼠认知功能障碍的影响及其机制。[方法]将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、银杏叶组、山腊梅叶挥发油高剂量和低剂量组,除假手术组外,皆采用双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎法(2VO)复制VD模型。通过Morris水迷宫试验和旷场试验测定大鼠的认知功能,HE染色观察海马CA1区病理变化,并检测血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。[结果]与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠逃避潜伏期延长(P<0.01)、平台穿越次数减少(P<0.01)、垂直得分和水平得分下降(P<0.05)、SOD活性降低(P<0.01)、MDA含量增高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,山腊梅叶挥发油高、低剂量组大鼠逃避潜伏期缩短(P<0.05)、穿越原平台次数增多(P<0.05)、垂直得分和水平得分增高(P<0.05),血清指标SOD活性升高(P<0.05)、MDA含量下降(P<0.05);HE染色结果显示,山腊梅叶挥发油高、低剂量组海马CA1区神经元细胞较完整,排列相对密集有序。[结论]山腊梅叶挥发油具有改善大鼠血管性痴呆认知障碍的作用,其机制可能与纠正大鼠脑组织氧化/抗氧化失衡,保护脑组织免于氧化损伤,并减轻海马区损伤有关。

关键词 山腊梅叶;挥发油;血管性痴呆;认知障碍;改善作用

中图分类号 R285文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611(2021)02-0170-05

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.02.046

开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

Improving Effect of Volatile Oil from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.Leaves on Cognitive Disorder in Rats with Vascular Dementia

WANG Yan,WU Shasha,XU Ting et al (Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025)

Abstract [Objective]To investigate the effect and mechanism of essential oil from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.leaves on cognitive disorder in rats with vascular dementia.[Method]SD rats were divided randomly into sham operation group,model group,ginkgo leaf group,high and low dose of essential oil from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.leaves groups.Except the sham operated group,all the other groups received twovessel occlusion (2VO) method to establish VD models.Morris water maze and open field test were used to determine the cognitive function of rats.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) content were detected to explore the mechanism of the essential oil from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.on VD.[Result]Compared with sham operation group,the rats in model group had longer average escaping latency period (P<0.01),fewer number of crossplatform (P<0.01),fewer vertical and horizontal scores (P<0.05),higher MDA content (P<0.01) and lower SOD activity (P<0.01).Compared with model group,the rats in high and low dose of essential oil from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.leaves groups had shorter average escaping latency period (P<0.05),more number of crossplatform (P<0.05),more vertical score and horizontal scores (P<0.05),higher SOD activity (P<0.05),lower MDA content (P<0.05).HE staining results showed that the morphological structure of vertebral cells in hippocampal CA1 area were regular,orderly and normal,the structure of cells was intact.[Conclusion]The essential oil from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.leaves can improve the cognitive disorder of vascular dementia in rats.The potential mechanism may be related to antioxidant and reduction of hippocampal injury.

Key words Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.leaves;Essential oil;Vascular dementia;Cognitive disorder;Improving effect

血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD) 是由各类脑血管疾病致使脑功能受损而引起的后天智力障碍综合征。近年来VD的发病率逐年上升,是仅次于阿尔兹海默症(Alzheimers disease,AD)的第二大常见痴呆类型[1-2]。 VD的认知变化远远大于AD等其他疾病,主要为注意力、信息处理和执行功能等缺陷,且抑郁和冷漠等症状在VD患者中表现尤为突出[3]。一系列认知障碍及精神心理活动的转变严重影响老年人的生活质量。目前尚无食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准的VD治疗方案,临床上的VD药物主要为仅针对症状性治疗的药物,暂不能减缓VD的进展或逆转VD的过程[4],这也使从民族药物中尝试发现具有治疗VD作用的药物成为当下研究的热点之一。山蜡梅为贵州地区少数民族用药,研究表明,山蜡梅叶不仅在抗炎、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗菌、解热等方面有作用,也可影响中枢神经系统[5-6]。……

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