蒋东来 张保华 张军仓 马海涛

摘要 [目的]研究不同有機肥对烤烟生长及上部烟叶化学成分及致香物质含量的影响。[方法]采用田间大区试验，供试品种为当地主栽品种，采取低起垄、深栽烟、高培土的栽培措施，4月20日移栽，以施用不同有机肥为处理（A1为高效复合有机肥;A2为高效有机提钾肥;A3为常规施肥为对照），随机排列，其他施肥及管理措施按常规技术方案操作。[结果]与常规施肥相比，基施复合有机肥和复合有机提钾肥在烤烟生长期间长势优于常规施肥对照，使化学成分更加协调，显著提高上部烟叶主要致香物质，并使烟叶的物理特性显著提高，提高了烟叶在工业上的可用性，而复合有机肥和复合有机提钾肥两者相比，前者大田长势优于后者，而后者的烤后烟叶各指标均优于前者，尤其是基施复合有机肥可以显著提高烟叶中的钾含量。[结论]烤烟生产中，施加有机肥是一种改善烤后烟叶内在品质的重要途径，在常年种植烟草的烟田，在移栽前基施有机提钾肥可有效解决轮作导致烟叶品质下降的问题。

关键词 有机肥;烤烟;生长发育;内在品质

中图分类号 S572文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）02-0150-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.02.041

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Base Application ofOrganic Fertilizer on Growth and Quality of Upper Leaves in Fluecured Tobacco

JIANG Donglai，ZHANG Baohua，ZHANG Juncang et al （Linyou Branch of Baoji Tobacco Company，Baoji， Shaanxi 721599）

Abstract [Objective]To study the effects of different organic fertilizers on the growth of fluecured tobacco and the chemical composition and the content of aromatic substances in the upper leaf.[Method]The field experiment was carried out， and the main cultivar was selected as the local main cultivar. The cultivation measures of low ridding， deep planting and high earthing were adopted. The plant was transplanted on April 20， and different organic fertilizers were applied.A1 was high efficiency compound organic fertilizer;A2 was highly efficient organic potash extraction;A3 was conventional fertilization controlled and arranged randomly. Other fertilization and management measures are operated according to conventional technical scheme.[Result]Compared with conventional fertilization， the compound organic fertilizer and compound organic K in fluecured tobacco growth during growing was superior to the conventional fertilization， the chemical composition was more harmonious， significantly improved the upper main aroma substances，and physical properties of tobacco was significantly improved the upper main aroma substances， tobacco and physical properties of tobacco was significantly improved， the usability of the improved the tobacco leaves in industry， and compound organic fertilizer and compound organic potash both， compared to the former looks like the field is superior to the latter， while the latter roast tobacco after all the indicators are better than the former， especially base compound organic fertilizer could significantly improve the potassium content in tobacco leaves. [Conclusion]In fluecured tobacco production， applying organic fertilizer is an important way to improve quality of roast tobacco leaf internal， in the years of planting tobacco ground， organic mention K applied as basal application before transplanting can effectively solve the problem of rotation led to the decrease of the tobacco leaf quality.

Key words Organic fertilizer;Fluecured tobacco;Growth and development;Interior quality

国内外大量生产实践证明，要实现烟草生产的可持续发展，就必须为烟草的生长发育创造一个良好的土壤环境[l-2]。秸秆还田、覆盖物料与施用腐殖酸缓释钾肥等方式都能增加土壤中速效钾含量，提高土壤理化性质，从而为烟草生长发育提供一个良好的生长条件[3-4]。……