谢加飞 张军 张欣

摘要 为体现生物农药优势，推广生物农药使用，应用封闭除草、种子处理及“送嫁药”技术做好水稻病虫害前期基础防治，在水稻大田期开展全程生物农药与化学农药防治对比试验。结果表明，水稻田前期基础防治，杂草防效接近100%，能推迟病虫害发生期、控制发生程度;示范区与常规区各病虫害防效相仿，农药使用量较常规区减少48.1%，农药成本和用工成本分别增加36.4%、33.3%，防治总成本明显增加，产量示范区比常规区减少 235 kg/hm2，示范区较常规区未体现节本增效。

关键词 生物农药;化学农药;基础防治;效益;绿色防控

中图分类号 S435.11文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）02-0128-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.02.035

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Research on the Control of Rice Pests and Diseases through Biological Pesticides

XIE Jiafei1，ZHANG Jun2，ZHANG Xin1 （1.Gaoyou City Plant Protection and Inspection Station，Gaoyou， Jiangsu 225600;2.Yangzhou Vocational University，Yangzhou，Jiangsu 225000）

Abstract In order to reflect the advantages of biological pesticides and promote the use of biological pesticides， closed weeding， seed treatment and “delivery medicine” technology was used to do a good job in the early stage of basic prevention and control of rice diseases and insect pests. Comparative tests were carried out for the prevention and control of biological pesticides and chemical pesticides throughout the rice field. The results showed that the basic control in the early stage of paddy field and the control effect of weeds were close to 100%， which could delay the occurrence period and control the occurrence degree of diseases and insect pests. Compared with the conventional area， the demonstration area was similar in terms of disease and insect pest control effect， pesticide usage was reduced by 48.1%， pesticide cost and labor cost were increased by 36.4% and 33.3%， respectively， the total cost of prevention and control was significantly increased， the test output demonstration area was reduced by 235 kg/hm2 compared with the conventional area， and the demonstration area did not show cost saving and efficiency improvement compared with the conventional area.

Key words Biological pesticide;Chemical pesticide;Basic prevention and control;Benefit;Prevention and control of green

長期以来，化学农药在农作物病虫草害防治中占重要地位，但日前农药过量施用严重，农药残留问题突出，农业生态环境污染和农产品质量安全等重大问题日益凸显，人们越来越意识到化学农药的危害，重视生物农药的使用，遵循“科学植保、公共植保、绿色植保”理念，推广农作物病虫草害绿色防控技术。生物农药是指利用生物代谢产物或其本身对作物病虫害进行防治的农药制剂[1]，生物农药对环境友好，对高等动物及害虫天敌安全，对有害生物不易产生抗药性[2]，推广使用生物农药，符合绿色防控理念，是践行农药使用量零增长的有效措施。

高邮市常年水稻种植面积在5.6万hm2，病虫草害累计发生面积在30万hm2左右，水稻纹枯病、稻瘟病、稻曲病、稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟等主要病虫害连年发生，千金子、稗草、鸭跖草等水稻田恶性杂草抗药性逐年增强，病虫草害降低了水稻产量，影响了水稻品质。……