余凤玉 杨德洁 祝安传 阎伟 唐庆华 覃伟权

摘要 [目的]研究除草剂草甘膦对槟榔园土壤微生物、槟榔幼苗生长及叶绿素的影响。[方法]在土壤中分别施入田间使用剂量的0倍、1倍、2倍和5倍的草甘膦，观察其对盆栽槟榔幼苗生长和槟榔园土壤微生物的影响。[结果]草甘膦对槟榔土壤微生物有显著影响，低浓度和高浓度对细菌有极显著的抑制作用，中浓度却有极显著的促进作用;不同浓度对真菌和放线菌均具有极显著抑制作用。低浓度草甘膦对槟榔幼苗生长有促进作用，5倍浓度的草甘膦对槟榔幼苗有抑制作用;对槟榔叶片叶绿素含量无显著影响，未引起叶片黄化。[结论]除草剂草甘膦田间正常使用剂量能促进槟榔幼苗生长，对叶片叶绿素无明显影响，不引起叶片黄化，但对土壤微生物有显著抑制作用，应注意与其他药剂轮换施用，避免对槟榔园土壤微生物多样性造成不利影响。

关键词 草甘膦;槟榔;土壤微生物;叶绿素

中图分类号 S482.4文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2021）02-0120-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.02.032

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Glyphosate on Soil Microorganisms and Arecanut Growth

YU Fengyu1， YANG Dejie1， ZHU Anchuan2et al

（1. Coconut Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Innovation Center of Academician Team， Wenchang， Hainan 571339;2. Hainan Institute of Tropical Oceanography， Sanya， Hainan 572000）

Abstract [Objective] To study the effect of glyphosate on soil microorganism， seedling growth and chlorophyll in areca orchards. [Method] Glyphosate 0 times， 1 times， 2 times and 5 times of the field dosage was applied to the soil respectively， and the effects of glyphosate on the growth of areca seedling in pot and soil microorganism in areca plantation were observed. [Result] Glyphosate had a significant effect on areca soil microorganisms， low and high concentrations had a significant inhibition on bacteria， while medium concentrations had a significant promotion;different concentrations had a significant inhibition on fungi and actinomycetes. Glyphosate of low concentration could promote the growth of areca seedlings， 5 times of the dosage of glyphosate used in the field could inhibit the growth of areca seedlings， and had no significant effect on the chlorophyll content of areca leaves， and did not cause the yellow leaves. [Conclusion] The normal dosage of glyphosate in the field can promote the growth of Areca catechu seedlings， has no obvious effect on the chlorophyll of leaves， does not cause the leaves to turn yellow， but has a significant inhibitory effect on the soil microorganisms. It should be paid attention to the application of glyphosate in rotation with other chemicals to avoid adverse effects on the soil micro biodiversity of areca plantation.

Key words Glyphosate;Arecanut;Soil microorganisms;Chlorophyll

檳榔（Areca catechu L.）是重要的中药材，居四大南药之首，在我国主要分布在海南，产量约占全国产量的95%以上，是海南人民的主要经济来源之一[1]。随着槟榔效益的提高，槟榔种植面积不断扩大，病虫害也日趋严重，危害最为严重的是黄化病，成为制约槟榔产业发展的主要瓶颈问题。黄化病最早在海南省屯昌县药材场发现，此后在海南东部、中部和南部山区相继出现并不断蔓延[1-2]。……