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青藏高原水土耦合作用机理及伴生的环境地质问题研究

2021-06-17张文海吴华孟盼望陶伟

安徽农业科学 2021年2期

张文海 吴华 孟盼望 陶伟

摘要 通过研究地表径流对地形地貌的改造侵蚀过程及产生的水土流失问题,以及对相关学者研究成果进行总结,结果表明,地形地貌特征与水土流失均与地表径流存在直接相关联的关系,大趋势上地形地貌的改变是地质侵蚀时期发生的各种构造运动作用的结果,而局部产生的地形地貌是地表径流作用产生的,造成水土流失的主要侵蚀营力是地表径流作用的结果,地表径流与冻融侵蚀、土壤侵蚀相互作用加剧了水土流失。

关键词 青藏高原;地形地貌;水土流失;地表径流;侵蚀营力;耦合作用

中图分类号 X141文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611(2021)02-0068-04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.02.020

开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

Research on the Mechanism of WaterSoil Coupling and Associated Environmental Geological Problems in Tibet Plateau

ZHANG Wenhai1,2,WU Hua1,MENG Panwang1 et al

(1. College of Engineering, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850012;2.Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Ministry of Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu, Sichuan 610041)

Abstract By studying the erosion process of surface runoff on topography and landforms and the resulting water and soil loss, as well as summarizing the research results of related scholars,the results showed that the landform characteristics and soil erosion were directly associated with surface runoff, the relationship between changes in trend on topography of geological erosion period was the results of various tectonic movement effect, and the topography was generated by the local function produced by the surface runoff, soil erosion in the main force was the result of the role of surface runoff, erosion camp surface runoff, soil erosion and freezethaw erosion exacerbated the interaction between soil and water loss.

Key words Tibet Plateau;Topography and landform;Soil erosion;Surface runoff;Erosion force;Coupling effect

水土流失已成為限制人类生存和发展的主要环境灾害之一[1],近代以来随着几次工业革命及现代化建设需要,人类对于地球的资源需要日益增多。矿产资源的开采、温室效应等都直接、间接地加剧了水土流失,当然自然环境本身就是在不断演化。对于青藏高原而言冰川融水对生态环境的影响起主导作用,其地形地貌的特征无一不透露着水土流失很严重。通过阐述高原地形地貌的特征及风化过程与水土流失之间的关系,揭示高原山地、平原水土流失机理,为治理高原区生态环境提供一定的参考及防治措施。从南极首次突破历史最高温度及珠穆朗玛峰植被生长高度的不断提高,意味着温室效应在加剧气候变化越发明显,高原冰川融化及其伴随的水土流失会进一步加剧。……

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