高丽 杨欣悦 赵家印 席运官

摘要 为探索不同重金属含量的土壤和不同施肥对不同蔬菜重金属累积的影响，开展了铜镉超标的昆明市周边蔬菜地土壤和不超标的南京市周边蔬菜地土壤，在施用有机肥和化肥的情况下，辣椒、番茄、菜薹、芥蓝的可食部分对铜镉累积的盆栽试验。结果表明，铜作为作物的必需营养元素，在一定范围内，土壤铜的含量不会显著影响番茄、菜薹、芥蓝对铜的累积，相比化肥，有机肥的施用能够促进番茄、辣椒对铜的累积（分别高54.0%、45.9%），但降低菜薹、芥蓝对铜的累积;镉是作物的有害元素，在化肥施用条件下，菜薹、芥蓝、辣椒、番茄Cd累积都是重金属超标土壤显著高于非超标土壤（分别提高50.1%、51.3%、155.0%和11.1%），叶菜的累积高于茄果类，相比化肥，重金属超标土壤中有机肥的施用可抑制菜薹和辣椒对Cd的吸收与累积（分别降低22.8%和34.9%）。

关键词 蔬菜;土壤;施肥;重金属累积;影响

中图分类号 X503.231文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2021）02-0059-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.02.018

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Soil and Fertilizer Types on the Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Vegetables

GAO Li，YANG Xinyue，ZHAO Jiayin et al

（Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences， Ministry of Ecology and Environment， Nanjing， Jiangsu 210042）

Abstract In order to explore the effects of vegetable heavy metal accumulation in different heavy metal content soil and different fertilizer application， the pot experiment was carried out， which was taking the soil with cadmium and copper polluted from Kunming suburban area and the soil with no heavy metal pollution from Nanjiing suburban area to test and compare the cadmium and copper accumulation in the edible part of Capsicum annuum，Solanum lycopersicum，Brassica parachinensis and Brassica alboglabra in the condition of applying chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer. The results showed that copper as the essential nutrient element for crop cant impact the accumulation of Solanum lycopersicum，Brassica parachinensis and Brassica alboglabra with a certain range and compared with chemical fertilizer， organic fertilizer could promote the accumulation of Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annuum （ increasing 54.0% and 45.9%），but decreased the accumulation of Brassica parachinensis and Brassica alboglabra.Cadmium as the harmful element to crop， the accumulation of Brassica parachinensis，Brassica alboglabra，Capsicum annuum and Solanum lycopersicum was higher in Kunming suburban soil （50.1%，51.3%，155.0%and 11.1% respectively） in the condition of chemical fertilizer， and the content of leaf vegetable was higher than solanum vegetable; compared with chemical fertilizer， organic fertilizer applying in Kunming suburban soil could restrain the accumulation of Brassica parachinensis and Capsicum annuum （ decreasing 22.8% and 34.9%）.

Key words Vegetable;Soil;Fertilization;Heavy metal accumulation;Effect

土壤重金屬污染和农产品中重金属超标问题引起越来越多的关注[1-3]。土壤和肥料是影响蔬菜累积重金属的关键因素[4-6]。同一土壤通过施用不同肥料、不同钝化剂等对土壤和作物重金属累积影响已经有大量的研究[7-10]，但对重金属超标与不超标的土壤，通过不同施肥，比较其对不同蔬菜重金属累积影响的研究鲜见报道。为探索不同重金属含量的土壤和不同施肥对不同蔬菜重金属累积的影响，开展了该试验研究，为认识重金属在作物中的累积行为和对土壤的修复提供科学依据。……