李奕 宋墩福 张付远 罗旺

摘要 为探究赣南废弃稀土矿土壤养分含量特征，对其采矿迹地的土壤有机质、氮和磷含量分布特征进行研究。结果表明：不同采矿迹地0～30 cm土层土壤有机质、氮和磷含量均表现为天然林地>堆积地>挖矿地。天然林地表层土壤有机质含量最高，其值为20.9 g/kg，有机质含量随土壤深度增加呈逐渐降低趋势;土壤全氮含量为0.062～1.473  mg/g，均随土壤深度的增加而降低;土壤水解氮含量为13.36～120.39  mg/kg;土壤全磷含量为0.076～0.524 g/kg;土壤有效磷含量为0.691～4.560  mg/kg，其含量大小有随土壤深度增加而增大的趋势。土壤有机质与全氮、水解氮和全磷呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），与有效磷呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。

关键词 稀土矿;土壤养分;赣南地区

中图分类号 S153  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）02-0032-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.02.010

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Distribution Characteristics of Soil Organic Matter，Nitrogen and Phosphorus at the Mining Site in Abandoned Rare Earth Ore，Southern Jiangxi

LI Yi1，SONG Dunfu2，ZHANG Fuyuan2 et al （1.College of Materials and Chemical Engineering，Pingxiang University，Pingxiang，Jiangxi 337000;2.School of Landscape Architecture，Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College，Ganzhou，Jiangxi 341000）

Abstract Distribution characteristics of organic matter， nitrogen and phosphorus at the

mining site in rare earth ore，Jiangxi were studied. The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter， nitrogen and phosphorus in 0-30 cm soil layer in different mining areas were as follows：natural forest land>accumulation area> mining land. The content of organic matter in the surface soil of natural forest land was the highest， with a value of 20.9 g/kg and the content of organic matter decreased gradually with the increase of soil depth. The variation range of total nitrogen content in soil was 0.062-1.473 mg/g， which all decreased with the increase of soil depth. The variation range of soil hydrolyzed nitrogen content was 13.36-120.39  mg/kg. The variation range of total phosphorus content in soil was 0.076-0.524 g/kg. The range of available phosphorus content in soil was 0.691-4.560  mg/kg， and the content tended to increase with the increase of soil depth. Soil organic matter showed extremely significant positive correlation with total nitrogen， hydrolyzed nitrogen and total phosphorus （P<0.01）， and showed significant positive correlation with available phosphorus （P<0.05）.

Key words Rare earth ore;Soil nutrient;Southern Jiangxi

基金項目 江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目（GJJ181241）;萍乡学院人才引进科研启动项目。

作者简介 李奕（1986—），男，江西萍乡人，讲师，博士，从事恢复生态和森林水文研究。

收稿日期 2020-06-03

稀土矿是世界急需的不可再生资源，在各国的军事、国防工业、航空、陶瓷、石油、钢铁等方面都有着广泛的应用，但不合理的开采与落后的开采工艺不仅使稀土矿资源严重浪费和生态环境遭到破坏，而且还威胁到人类的生活安全。素有“稀土王国”之称的赣南地区，拥有我国30%以上的离子型稀土资源，是我国第二大稀土矿资源集中地[1-2]，过于粗放的开采方式严重破坏了矿区生态环境，使矿区生态系统退化，造成矿区土壤砂化，植被覆盖率低[3]，水土流失严重[4]，给当地农林业的持续发展带来了严重的困扰。选择江西……