杨建红 刘宏胜 吴兵 高玉红 剡斌

摘要 以常规条播（CK）为对照，研究秸秆粉碎微垄覆盖沟播（T1）、秸秆粉碎微垄覆盖宽幅沟播（T2）对小麦产量、生育进程、苗期土壤温度的影响。结果表明，与常规条播相比，秸秆粉碎微垄覆盖沟播和秸秆粉碎微垄覆盖宽幅沟播均能明显提高小麦产量。秸秆粉碎微垄覆盖宽幅沟播能明显延迟小麦生育进程，且这种影响在分蘖期表现最突出。结果表明，不同栽培方式能够明显改变0～15 cm土层土壤温度，对15 cm以下土层土壤温度无显著影响。各处理主要影响08：00以后0～15 cm土层土壤温度，并且时间段不同，对各土层的影响也不同。小麦产量与06：00的土壤温度呈显著的正相关关系，与08：00的土壤温度成显著的负相关关系。小麦生育时期延长，在一定范围内有利于提高小麦产量。

關键词 小麦;播种方式;土壤温度;产量

中图分类号 S512.1  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）02-0029-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.02.009

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Sowing Methods on Wheat Yield and Growth Process

YANG Jianhong1，LIU Hongsheng1，WU Bing2 et al （1.Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Huining County，Gansu Province，Huining，Gansu 730799;2.College of Agriculture，Gansu Agricultural University，Lanzhou，Gansu 730070）

Abstract Conventional drill （CK） was used as a control to study the effects of straw crushing micro ridges covering furrow sowing （T1） and straw crushing micro ridges covering wide width furrow sowing （T2） on wheat yield，growth process and soil temperature at seedling stage.The results showed that，compared with the conventional drill，the wheat yield was significantly improved by straw crushing and wide furrow seeding.Straw crushing，furrow covering，wide width furrow sowing could obviously delay the growth process of wheat and this effect was most prominent at tillering stage.The results showed that different cultivation methods could significantly change the soil temperature of 0-15 cm soil layer，but had no significant effect on soil temperature below 15 cm.Each treatment mainly affected the soil temperature of 0-15 cm soil layer after 8：00，and the influence on each soil layer was also different with different time periods.There was a significant positive correlation between wheat yield and soil temperature at 6 o'clock and a significant negative correlation between wheat yield and soil temperature at 8 o'clock.Prolonging the period of wheat growth is beneficial to increase wheat yield in a certain extent.

Key words Wheat;Sowing method;Soil temperature;Yield

作者简介 杨建红（ 1981—） ，女，甘肃会宁人，农艺师，从事小麦遗传育种与农技推广研究。* 通信作者，高级农艺师，从事小麦育种与农技推广研究。

收稿日期 2020-05-26;修回日期 2020-07-03

小麦是黄土高原半干旱区保障粮食生产的主要作物。该地区降雨量少，蒸发强，雨水季节分布不均匀，加之自然降水和小麦需水规律不吻合，春季温度低，伏旱高温等因素的影响，小麦产量总体水平长期低而不稳，一般单产1 500 kg/hm2 左右[1-3]。提

高小麦产量，是该地区亟待解决的问题。

播种方式能明显影响小麦产量[4]，小麦播种的苗带宽度显著影响植株田间分布、 单株分蘖、成穗和根系生长[4-5]。……