罗晓莎 王明明 宋颀 陈舒 钱俊伟

摘要 以猪粪和木屑为堆肥试验材料，研究接种嗜热侧孢霉对堆肥温度、pH、含水量、木质纤维素相对含量、纤维素相关酶活及细菌、真菌群落结构的影响。结果表明，与对照组相比，接菌组升温较快，在堆肥第1天就达到了50 ℃，达到高温期后含水量下降较快。堆肥结束时，接菌组的纤维素和半纤维素相对含量分别下降了8.50%和16.86%，分别高于对照组的1.50%和13.53%。酶活分析表明，接菌后，β-1，4-葡聚糖酶活性明显提高，木聚糖酶活性出现3个峰值，其中最大峰值为7.90 U/g，是对照组的最大峰值的2.62倍。锰过氧化物酶的活性也有明显提高。接种嗜热侧孢霉在一定程度上也影响了堆肥的细菌及真菌群落结构变化。由此可见，在堆肥中接种嗜热侧孢霉可以加快堆肥升温，促进有机质分解和转化。

关键词 堆肥;嗜热侧孢霉;纤维素酶活;微生物群落

中图分类号 S141.4文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2021）02-0063-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.02.019

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Inoculating Thermophilic sporotrichum on Lignocellulose Degradation in Composting

LUO Xiaosha1，WANG Mingming1，2，SONG Qi1 et al

（1. BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture， BGIshenzhen， Shenzhen，Guangdong 518000;2.BGI Sanshengyuan Co. Ltd.， BGIShenzhen， Shenzhen，Guangdong 518000）

Abstract Using pig manure and sawdust as compost test materials， the effects of inoculation hermophilic sporotrichum on compost temperature， pH， water content， relative lignocellulose content， celluloserelated enzyme activity， and bacterial and fungal community structure were studied.The results showed that compared with the control group， the temperature of the inoculated group was faster， reaching 50°C on the first day of composting， and the water content decreased faster after reaching the high temperature period.At the end of composting， the relative contents of cellulose and hemicellulose in the inoculated group decreased by 8.50% and 16.86%， respectively， which were higher than 150% and 13.53% in the control group.The enzyme activity analysis showed that after the inoculation， the β1，4glucanase activity was significantly increased， and there were 3 peaks in the xylanase activity， of which the maximum peak was 7.90 U/g， which was 2.62 of the maximum peak of the control group. The activity of manganese peroxidase was also significantly improved.The inoculation Thermophilic sporotrichum also affected the changes in the bacterial and fungal community structure of the compost to a certain extent.It can be seen that the inoculation Thermophilic sporotrichum in the compost can speed up the temperature of the compost and promote the decomposition and transformation of organic matter.

Key words Compost;Thermophilic sporotrichum;Cellulase activity;Microbial community

近年來，规模化养殖发展迅速，畜禽粪便产生量突增，2015年我国畜禽粪便产生量已达到60亿t[1]。畜禽粪便中含有未消化的淀粉、蛋白质等大分子营养物质，同时还有丰富的有机质、磷、氮和钾元素等，未经处理直接排放到环境中，不仅会造成养分的流失，还会对水源、大气和土壤环境造成严重的污染。现在畜禽粪便的主要处理方式有填埋法、焚烧法和堆肥法[2-3]。堆肥作为一种有效的处理有机废弃物的方法，可以利用微生物将有机物质快速降解成为稳定的有机营养物质或者腐殖质，实现废弃物资源的再利用[4]。……