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关于督导排污单位开展自行监测的思考

2021-06-16张志旭毛亚鹏吕玉新

张志旭 毛亚鹏 吕玉新

Reflections on Supervising Pollutant Discharge Units to Carry Out Self-Monitoring

ZHANG Zhi-xu1, MAO Ya-peng1, LV Yu-xin2

(1.Henan Wanhua Environmental Testing Co., Ltd., Xinxiang 453000, China;

2.Xinxiang Ecology and Environmental Monitoring Center, Henan Province, Xinxiang 453000, China)

【摘  要】随着《排污许可管理条例》的实施,排污单位自行监测有了更为明确的法定依据。新乡市自2019年起,已经连续2年组织企业自行监测,受到社会各界好评。2021年应继续开展自行监测,摸清污染底数,打击违法排污,持续改善环境质量。鉴于此,必须加强对自行监测的督导,既包括对社会监测机构的监管,也包括对排污单位的监管。督导方法主要有严查环境监测数据弄虚作假的行为、规范社会环境监测机构诚信监测、跟踪执法监测处罚超标企业。

【Abstract】With the implementation of the "Regulations on Administration of Pollutant Discharge Permits", pollutant discharge units have a clearer legal basis for their self-monitoring. Since 2019, Xinxiang City has organized enterprises to conduct self-monitoring for two consecutive years, which has been well received by all walks of life. In 2021, Xinxiang City should continue to carry out self-monitoring, find out the fixed pollution sources, crack down on illegal discharge, and continuously improve the environmental quality. In view of this, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and guidance of self-monitoring, including the regulation of both social monitoring institutions and pollutant discharge units. The supervision and guidance methods mainly include strict investigation on the fraudulent behavior of environmental monitoring data, standardizing the integrity monitoring of social environmental monitoring institutions, tracking law enforcement, and monitoring and punishing enterprises that exceed the standard.

【關键词】环境监测;自行监测;排污单位;质量监管

【Keywords】environmental monitoring; self-monitoring; pollutant discharge units; quality regulation

【中图分类号】X830                                             【文献标志码】A                                                 【文章编号】1673-1069(2021)05-0142-02

1 引言

自3月1日起,我国《排污许可管理条例》正式实施,开启了对排污单位监管的新模式。在我国法律体系中,行政管理条例以国务院令的形式出台,其效力仅次于法律,明显高于国务院各部委出台的部门规章的效力。此前,要求排污单位进行自行监测,依据的是原环保部2018年1月发布的《排污许可管理办法(试行)》(部令第48号),但有个缺陷它只适用于取得排污许可证的排污企业,而当时办理排污许可证的不到排污单位总数的10%,绝大多数企业都没有办理排污许可证。

2 自行监测的法规依据

当今社会,依法行政是建设法治政府的必然要求。在现有环境法律体系中,有关自行监测的依据涉及法律、法规和部门规章,是排污单位的一项法定义务。

2.1 法律方面

《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》第二十三条和《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》第二十四条都要求取得排污许可证的排污单位开展自行监测,并保存原始记录。……

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