刘威 晋倩 郝选明

摘 要：探讨有氧运动干预对抑郁症大鼠HPA轴激活状态的影响及其上游调控机制。以WKY抑郁大鼠作为动物模型，进行8周有氧运动干预，以下丘脑CRH分泌情况反映HPA轴激活状态，通过海马Glu和GABA以及下丘脑中这两种神经递质受体表达探讨HPA轴激活的上游调控机制。结果发现：（1）抑郁大鼠CRH显著升高，表明其HPA轴过度激活，其机理应该与海马Glu和下丘脑Glu受体高表达、海马GABA和下丘脑GABA受体低表达直接相关。（2）运动干预可以显著降低CRH的分泌从而改善HPA轴的过度激活状态，其机理在于运动干预可下调海马Glu和下丘脑Glu受体的表达，同时上调海马GABA和下丘脑GABA受体的表达。（3）运动干预可以取得与氟西汀干预相似的改善效应，表明有氧运动干预可以作为药物治疗抑郁症的良好替代手段。

关 键 词：运动生物化学;抑郁症大鼠;HPA轴;有氧运动干预

中图分类号：G804.7 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2021）02-0138-07

Abstract： This study aims to explore effect of aerobic exercise intervention on the activation degree of HPA axis in depressive rats and its upstream regulation mechanism. WKY depressive rats were used as animal models and to carry out 8-week aerobic exercise， and CRH secretion in hypothalamus were used to observe the activation degree of HPA axis， and through expression of Glu and GABA in hippocampus and their receptors in hypothalamus to observe upstream regulation mechanism activated by the HPA axis. The results suggested that： （1） CRH increased significantly in depressive rats， indicating that the HPA axis was over activated， and the mechanism should be directly related to the high expression of Glu in hippocampus and its receptor in hypothalamus， and the low expression of GABA in hippocampus and its receptor in hypothalamus. （2） Exercise intervention lowered HPA axis activation obviously so that the over activation degree of HPA axis could be improved， and the mechanism should be due to down-regulate the expression of Glu in hippocampus and its receptor in hypothalamus， and up-regulate GABA in hippocampus and its receptor in hypothalamus by exercise. （3） Exercise intervention could achieve improvement effect similar to fluoxetine intervention， which shows that aerobic exercise would be an advisable alternative means to replace the treatment of depression by drugs.

Key words： sports biochemistry;depressive rats;aerobic HPA axis;exercise intervention

抑郁症是一种以情绪低落、悲观厌世等为特点的常见的情感障碍性精神疾病，发病率高（7.8%～17.1%）、致残率高（47%）、治疗率低（不足10%）[1]。据世界卫生组织（WHO）2017年《抑郁症及其他常见精神障碍》报告，世界范围内有超过3亿人饱受抑郁症的困扰。我国的情况更不容乐观，超过9 500万中国人一生当中得过抑郁症[2]。鉴于此，探索防治抑郁症的有效手段及其机制，不仅是一个重大的科学问题，更有着突出的实践意义。

抑郁症的发病机制非常复杂。近年来神经内分泌假说得到了越来越多的支持[3]。该学说认为在抑郁症发病……