于可红 卢依娟 吴一卓

摘 要：从个体与人际层面探讨大学生体育锻炼行为影响因素及交互关系。以浙江省5所高校1 150名大学生为研究对象，采用体育锻炼等级、自我效能、行为态度、行为认知、教师支持以及同伴支持6个量表进行测试，利用结构方程模型对数据进行分析与建模，得到个体与人际水平的大学生体育锻炼行为促进模型。结果显示：锻炼自我效能是大学生体育锻炼行为促进的重要因素，人际水平中同伴支持能够对大学生的锻炼自我效能产生影响;同伴支持对大学生体育锻炼行为的影响大于教师支持，教师支持通过大学生体育锻炼认知与态度影响体育行为。研究认为，在针对大学生群体的体育锻炼行为促进中应关注同伴支持的重要作用，以及教师课堂教学质量的提高。

关 键 词：体育锻炼行为;影响路径;结构方程模型;大学生

中图分类号：G806 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2021）02-0103-08

Abstract： From the individual and interpersonal layers to explore the the factors affecting the physical exercise behavior for university students and its interactive relationships. A total of 1，150 university students from 5 universities in Zhejiang province were recruited as participants， and 6 scales were used for evaluating the physical exercise level， self-efficacy， behavioral attitude， behavioral cognition， teacher support and peer support. Structural equation model （SEM） is used to analyze the data， and further conduct the path modification analyses to obtain physical exercise behavior promotion model of university students from the individual and interpersonal layers. The following results can be obtained： exercise self-efficacy is an important factor in promoting university students' physical exercise behavior， and only the peer support at the interpersonal layer can affect university students' exercise self-efficacy. In the impact on physical exercise behavior for university students， the peer support is more important than the teacher support which can affect physical exercise behavior via the physical exercise cognition and attitude of university students. The study holds that in the promotion of physical exercise behavior for university students， we should focus on the imperative role of the peer support， and the improvement of the course teaching quality with teachers.

Key words： physical exercise behavior;influence path;structural equation model;university students

根據2014年全国学生体质与健康调研结果显示，大学生身体素质继续呈下降趋势[1]。2017年《中国学生体质监测发展历程》同样显示，我国大学生体质健康水平依然呈下降趋势，肥胖率持续上升且每5年提高2%～3%。由于学生的体育锻炼水平与他们的身心健康密切相关，并影响成年后的锻炼习惯[2-3]，因此大学生的体育锻炼行为促进得到研究者们的密切关注。

回顾以往研究，多从个体内部水平探讨体育锻炼行为与多种个体内部心理因素的关系，如锻炼自我效能、体育锻炼认知以及体育锻炼态度等因素。……