董宝林 毛丽娟

摘 要：运用交叉滞后组设计探讨学校自然环境、人际环境与青少年体育锻炼三者间的因果关联，以及性别、学段在三者中的调节效应。采用学校自然环境量表、锻炼氛围量表和体育活动等级量表，对1 091名青少年进行为期12周、两阶段纵向调查。结果显示：青少年体育锻炼的性别差异显著（男性优于女性），并且学校自然环境、人际环境以及体育锻炼的学段差异也显著（初中生各指标高于高中生）;学校自然环境能单向预测体育锻炼和人际环境，体育锻炼能单向预测学校人际环境，即在学校自然环境与人际环境的影响链上，青少年体育锻炼具备中介作用且该效应存在学段差异。研究表明：学校自然环境、人际环境与青少年体育锻炼存在因果关系，其中，学校自然环境能通过促进青少年体育锻炼而间接提升人际环境，且该路径对初中生影响功效更大。

关 键 词：学校体育;青少年;自然环境;人际环境;体育锻炼

中图分类号：G807 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2021）02-0111-07

Abstract： Using the cross-lagged panel design to explore the causality between school natural environment， interpersonal environment and adolescents' physical exercise， and the moderating effects of gender and school stage among them. By the means of school natural environment scale， exercise atmosphere scale， and the physical activity rating scale， this paper made a twelve-week， two-stage follow-up investigation on 1 091 adolescents. The results showed that： for adolescents， the gender difference in physical exercise was significant （the male was better than the female）， and the school stage differences in school natural environment， school interpersonal environment， and physical exercise were all significant （the junior high school student was better than the high school）. School natural environment can predict physical exercise and interpersonal environment unilaterally， and physical exercise can also unilaterally predict school interpersonal environment. That is， in the influence chain of school natural environment and interpersonal environment， adolescent physical exercise has an mediating effect and that is different in school stage. The study holds that： the natural environment and interpersonal environment， and physical exercise have the mutual causality. Of them， school natural environment could indirectly improving school interpersonal environment by promoting adolescents' physical exercise， and this effect path on the junior high school student is more powerful.

Key words： school physical education;adolescent;natural environment;interpersonal environment;physical exercise

缺乏體育锻炼不仅会影响骨骼发育、导致超重或肥胖，还可能影响青少年人格的健康发展[1]。国家在《关于强化学校体育促进学生身心健康全面发展的意见》等政策中反复强调，鼓励青少年养成良好锻炼习惯[2]。然而，在我国青少年体育锻炼普遍存在“随年龄增长而减少”的倒挂现象[3]。这不禁令人反思：在国家、社会关注学校体育发展并大力推行青少年锻炼激励举措的同时，为何青少年体育锻炼发展依旧盘散行汲？……