张冬琴 许昌勇 杜俊凯 齐伟伟 周湘芝 周小青

摘 要：探討身体功能训练在我国优秀男子散打运动员的应用实践效果，采用随机对照实验设计对我国24名优秀男子散打运动员进行为期16周、每周3次、每次60 min的身体功能训练。结果显示：（1）在基本运动能力方面，实验组在平板支撑、仰卧脚撑瑞士球平板支撑、悬吊侧卧平板支撑（左和右两侧）、单腿站平衡垫、瑞士球静蹲、坐位体前屈7项指标上较对照组有非常显著性改善（P<0.01）;（2）在一般运动能力方面，实验组在400 m跑、单足4级跳、立卧撑3项指标上较对照组有显著性提高（P<0.05），在Illinois跑、高翻、卧推、深蹲等4项指标上较对照组有非常显著性提升（P<0.01）;（3）在专项运动能力方面，实验组在10 s冲拳、10 s侧踹2项指标上较对照组有显著性提高（P<0.05），在30 s变向击打靶、30 s夹背摔假人、单次鞭腿击打力量、10 s腿法击打力量、10 s拳腿组合击打力量5项指标上较对照组有非常显著性提升（P<0.01）。结果表明：优秀男子散打运动员实验组的身体功能训练方案相对于对照组传统力量训练方案，强化了运动员的核心稳定性，优化了动作模式，加强了核心力量及其传输效率，对发展散打运动员的身体功能效果更佳。

关 键 词：竞赛与训练;身体功能训练;优秀男子散打运动员;运动能力

中图分类号：G808;G852 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2021）02-0131-07

Abstract： In order to testify the practical effect of physical function training applied to the Chinese elite male Sanda athletes， a randomized control experiment design was adopted to study on the physical function training of 24 elite male athletes for 16 weeks， 3 times a week and 60 minutes each time. The results showed that： （1） In terms of basic sports ability， the 7 indexes of plank-push up position， supine foot of Swiss ball plank-push up position， suspended side recumbent plank-push up position （left and right sides）， single leg station balance pad， Swiss ball squatting and sitting body flexion in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group （p<0.01）; （2） in terms of general sports ability， the 3 indexes of 400 m， four-step jump and vertical push-up in the experimental group were significantly better than the control group （p<0.05）; the 4 indexes of Illinois running， high turn， lying push and squatting in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group （p<0.01）; （3） in terms of special sports ability， the 2 indexes of 10 s punch and 10 s side kick in the experimental group were significantly better than the control group （p<0.05）; the 5 indexes of 30 s hit the target， 30 s clip back dummy， single whip leg hitting strength， 10 s leg hitting strength， 10 s fist and leg combination hitting strength in the experimental group were very significantly higher than the control group （p<0.01）. The research shows that compared with the traditional strength training program of the control group， the physical function training program of the elite male Sanda athletes in the experimental group not only strengthens the athletes core stability， optimizes the action mode， but also strengthens the core strength and its transmission efficiency， which is better to develop physical function effect for the Sanda athletes.

Key words： competition and training;physical function training;elite male Sanda athletes;sports ability

武术散打项目从1979年开展至今经过40多年，无论是散打的技术体系、竞赛规则，抑或是训练手段均日趋完善，然而其体能训练理论一直滞后于散打训练实践是一个不争的事实[1-2]。随着国外格斗项目的深度引进交流，推动散打赛事职业化和市场化不断提速，致使散打对抗程度和赛事密度逐年增加，一些长期占据核心地位的传统体能训练手法难以满足当前散打训练的发展[3-4]。因此，对于训练方法的改革与创新已经成为散打体能训练的关键点。源于国外医疗康复领域的身体功能训练（下文简称“功能训练”）在运动损伤预防、训练效率提高、竞技能力提升及运动寿命延长等方面均取得了较好成效，功能训练成为当今世界运动训练领域理论与实践的研究热点[5-6]。功能训练是一种注重身体基本姿态和人体动作模式，整合机体各项素质用于优化人体最基本的运动能力，对动作模式、脊柱力量、动力链、恢复与再生等环节进行系统性优化，达到提高专项运动能力的一种训练理念和方法体系[7]。……