中美高校运动训练类专业培养方案的比较
2021-06-15孙有平林朝霞
孙有平 林朝霞
摘 要:采用文献法和访谈法,对中美8所高校运动训练类专业的培养方案进行比较,旨在完善我国高校运动训练专业人才培养方案,为培养适应时代发展和社会需求的运动训练专业人才提供新思路。研究发现,美国高校的培养目标定位更务实,公共必修课的设置更关注人文与科学素养培育,学分修读更强调过程性评价,以及专业实践课采用“早实习、多实习”的方式,对培养过程的严格监控等做法值得借鉴。
关 键 词:学校体育;运动训练类专业;培养方案;培养目标;课程设置
中图分类号:G807.01 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2021)02-0085-05
Abstract: Using the methods of literature and interview, this study compares the training programs of sport training majors in 8 Chinese and American universities, aiming to perfect the training programs of sports training majors in Chinese universities, and provide new ideas for training sports training professional talents who can adapt to the development of the times and social needs. The study found that American colleges and universities have a more pragmatic training goal, and the establishment of public compulsory courses paying more attention to the cultivation of humanities and scientific literacy, and the credit study emphasizing the process evaluation, and the professional practice class adopting "the early practice, the multi-practice" way, as well as the strict monitoring to the training process by them. All these mentioned above especially is worthy of drawing lessons for our country.
Key words: school physical education;sport training majors;training programs;training goal;curriculum setting
我国运动训练专业创立于1957年[1],至今已走过63年的历程,不仅招生规模大为增加,而且专业培养方案也在不断调整,专业发展已逐渐步入规范化、科学化的轨道。新的时期,学习和借鉴国外高校运动训练专业培养方案,拓宽办学视野,对于推动我国运动训练专业人才培养内涵式发展,具有一定的应用价值和积极的现实意义。
作为世界高等教育和体育强国,美国高校体育专业的办学经验值得各国学习。美国不少高校也设置了运动训练类专业,但是,在专业名称方面,没有与我国高校一样统称为运动训练专业,而是有的称为运动训练资格认证专业(coaching endorsement program)[2],有的称为运动机能学专业(kinesiology)[3],也有的称为运动训练专业(athletic training)[4]。尽管名称不同,但其专业培养方案中的核心内容,例如培养目标、必修课程设置等,与我国运动训练专业存在颇多相似之处。……
