程馨 孙德朝

摘 要：运用文献资料法、专家访谈法对轻功的源流进行考证分析，研究认为轻功的出现源于军事与政治需求，而刺客群体所掌握的轻功后来转移至盗贼群体。因为小说的催化作用，民国时期轻功与武术相结合，并成为后者的一部分。武术中的轻功因受小说的影响而变得神乎其神，这种被夸大的武术轻功因经不起实践检验而一度招人质疑。现实中的轻功包括3大类，即民间武术中的飞檐走壁、军队及训练体系中的快速越障、跑酷运动中的穿越障碍。

关 键 词：民族体统体育;武术;轻功;中国传统身体运动

中图分类号：G852 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2021）02-0060-05

Abstract： This paper makes an empirical analysis on the origin of Qing Kung in Wushu by means of the methods of literature and expert interview， and concludes that Qing Kung originated from military and politic requirements， and then the group of assassins' Qing Kung transferred to the group of thieves. Because of the accelerating effect of the novels， Qing Kung was combined with Wushu and became a part of the latter during the republic of China. Qing Kung in Wushu have become fascinated by the influence of novels， this kind of exaggerated Qing Kung was once questioned because it could not withstand the practical tests. The reality is that Qing Kung has been divided into three categories， consisting of flying over the eaves and running on the walls in the folk Wushu， the rapid obstacle-crossing in the training system of the PLA and the armed police force， and the crossing obstacles in Parkour movement.

Key words： national traditional sports;Wushu;Qing Kung;the Chinese traditional body movement

在強调“哲学中论证之重要”问题时，冯友兰[1]指出：“对于宇宙人生，例如神之存在及灵魂有无之问题，普通人大都各有见解，其见解或与专门哲学家之见解无异。但普通人之见解乃自传说或直觉得来。普通人只知持其所持之见解，而不能以理论说明何以须持之。”比如“轻功”，普通人也大都各有见解，其信息来源多为民间传说、文学作品和电影电视，人们对轻功的认识也止步于此。诉诸专业书籍，“轻功又称‘弹跳功，泛指通过各种专门的练习方法和手段，以达到增强弹跳能力而蹦得高、跳得远之功效的功法运动。至于轻功能使人变得‘身轻如燕以致可以‘飞檐走避的传说，缺乏科学依据，并不可信”[2]。仅此一言恐怕难解众人疑惑。如果轻功仅仅是“蹦得高、跳得远”，其与跳高、跳远又有什么区别？

1 中国传统宗教观影响下的轻功起源