李海萍 郝显露

摘要：我国硕士研究生招生考试制度改革经历了创建与探索阶段、恢复与改革阶段、深化改革与内涵发展阶段。招生方式从“个人申请、学校推荐”到“考试为主、推荐为辅”;考试形式从“招生单位自主考试”到“全国统考与招生单位自主考试相结合”，继而从“统分均可、自行选择”到“统分结合、向‘统推进”，中间反反复复，虽不断调整，但总趋势和主旋律是“优化初试、强化复试”。我国硕士研究生招生考试制度改革取得了重大成就，但仍存在一些问题，包括改革方向上价值取向在程序公平与实体公平之间摇摆，实现路径上考试形式在“统”“分”之间反复，承载主体上权力重心在政府与招生单位之间游走。为此，需在价值取向上优先实体公平，兼顾程序公平;在考试形式上明确“统”“分”界限，相互有力支撑;在权力配置上推进“招”“考”分离，重心逐渐下移。

关键词：硕士研究生;招生考试制度;改革

中图分类号：G643.6

文献标识码：A文章编号：1674-7615（2021）02-0058-11

DOI：10.15958/j.cnki.jywhlt.2021.02.009

Review， Reflection and Response to Reform of Postgraduate Admission and Examination System

LI Hai-ping1，HAO Xian-lu2

（College of Education， Hunan University of Science and Technology， XiangTan 411201，China）

Abstract：

The reform of the admission and examination system for postgraduates in China has experienced three stages including creation and exploration period ， recovery and reform period， deepening reform and connotation development period . Admission methods developed from “individual application and school recommendation”to “examination-based and recommendation-assisted”; the examination style developed from “individual examination of admissions college”，“combination of national examination and college admission examination”，and then free choose ，and finally push forward to the combination tendency， reform repeated between these forms. Although the adjustment is constantly made， the general trend and the main theme are“optimization of the initial test and reinforcement of the retest.”The reform of the admission and examination system for postgraduates has made great achievements， but there are still some problems， including the value orientation of reform swinging between procedural fairness and substantive fairness， and the form of examination repeated between“unification”and“separation”，the power center of undertaker is moving between the government and the admissions college. To this question， it is necessary to give priority to the substantial fairness but taking into account the procedural fairness; to define the boundaries of “unification” and “dividing” in the examination form so both side could support each other; to promote the separation of “admission”and“examination”and gradually shift the power centers.

Key words：

Master's Degree; Admission and Examination System; Reform

研究生教育是高等教育的最高層次，承担着培养高级专门人才和发展科学技术文化的双重使命。研究生招生考试作为研究生教育的第一环节，在研究生教育中“牵一发而动全身”，一直以来都是社会各界关注的焦点。从历史的角度回顾我国硕士研究生招生考试制度改革的发展脉络，并对其进行反思和应对展望，有助于为新时代我国研究生招生考试制度改革的全面深化提供政策借鉴与行动参考。

一、硕士研究生招生考试制度改革之回顾