李艳丽 王金盐 李利军

摘  要：货物运输在公转铁结构调整下，环境减排成果显著。文章一方面采用IPCC方法，在环境减排上分析公转铁数值的可行性;另一方面在环保政策上分析“公转铁”的必要性。相比较全国公转铁进程发现，尽管唐山市铁路货运呈现微增的趋势，但是应该减少的公路货运反而增加，带来环境污染。在此基础上，为了全面打赢蓝天保卫战，贯彻生态文明建设方针，促进经济可持续发展，根据公转铁推进过程中存在的缺乏铁路基础设施、公路市场过度经营等问题，提出推动“碳交易”交通减排货币化、落实铁路基础建设与衔接、政府“有形之手”加以引导。

关键词：交通减排;公转铁;绿色交通;城域货运;IPCC

中图分类号：U294    文献标识码：A

Abstract： Under the structural adjustment of“transit railway”， the achievements of environmental emission reduction are remarkable. Highway transportation is flexible， but it has the disadvantage of high emission. Railway transportation has the dilemma of“one kilometer”inflexibility， but it has the advantage of low emission. On the one hand， this paper uses the IPCC method to analyze the feasibility of“gongzhuantie”value in environmental emission reduction; on the other hand， it analyzes the necessity of“gongzhuantie”value in environmental protection policy. Compared with the national“transit railway”process， it is found that although the railway freight in Tangshan city shows a slight increase trend， the highway freight that should be reduced increases instead， bringing about environmental pollution. On this basis， in order to win the blue sky battle in an all-round way， implement the policy of ecological civilization construction， and promote the sustainable development of economy， according to the problems of lack of railway infrastructure and excessive operation of highway market in the process of“public rail transit”， this paper proposes to promote the monetization of“carbon trading”traffic emission reduction， implement the railway infrastructure construction and connection， and guide the government with“visible hand”.

Key words： transportation emission reduction; transit railway; green transportation; metropolitan freight; IPCC

0  引  言

全球變暖已经成为21世纪人类面临的最为严峻的挑战，排放问题越来越受到各国政府和学者们的重视[1]。公路货运量逐年增加，碳排放量的含量也越来越高，与公路运输相比，铁路运输的能耗和碳排放量都低于公路运输。铁路运输成本低、绿色环保，要发展绿色经济，将公路运输改为铁路运输，进而间接减少碳排放，将是一个不错的选择[2]。

唐山市货物运输方式，公路运输占比约五分之二。伴随京津冀一体化进程的不断加快，唐山市一方面作为5个关键节点城市的作用越发突出[3]，另一方面作为重工业城市，是我国煤炭、钢铁、水泥等黑货货物消费最为集中的地区之一，唐山市货物调入需求和公路运输量巨大[4]。……