闫昊惠 杨晓莹 尹雪茹 李源慧 刘冠华 安康

【摘要】 目的：了解山东省大学生主动免疫认知情况和抗体检测意愿。方法：对216名山东省大学生进行问卷调查，调查问卷包含基本情况、主动免疫的认知和抗体检测的意愿。结果：涉及医学知识的专业认知情况相对较好，医学专业、医学相关专业与非医学专业的认知程度依次显著性降低（P<0.05）。参加体育锻炼学生的主动免疫认知情况显著优于不参加体育锻炼的学生（P<0.05）。医学专业学生二类疫苗注射率显著高于非医学相关专业的学生（P<0.05）。87.50%的学生有抗体检测意愿，学习过免疫学课程的学生对抗体检测的意愿显著高于未学习过免疫学课程的学生（P<0.05）。大学生最想进行抗体检测的地点是医院，平均价格为（84.768 5±31.489 3）元。结论：大学生的主动免疫认知情况存在不足，特别是非医学大学生的健康教育仍需进行。大学生对进行抗体检测的意愿较强，期望价格合理。

【关键词】 大学生 主动免疫 认知 抗体检测

Investigation on Active Immune Cognition and Antibody Detection Willingness of College Students in Shandong Province/YAN Haohui， YANG Xiaoying， YIN Xueru， LI Yuanhui， LIU Guanhua， AN Kang. //Medical Innovation of China， 2021， 18（07）： 0-084

[Abstract] Objective： To investigate the cognition of active immunity and the willingness of antibody detection among college students in Shandong Province. Method： Questionnaire survey was conducted among 216 college students in Shandong Province. The questionnaire included basic information， cognition of active immunization and willingness of antibody detection. Result： Professional cognition involving medical knowledge is relatively good， and the cognition of medical specialty， medical related specialty and non-medical specialty decreased significantly in turn （P<0.05）. The active immune cognition of the students who took part in physical exercise was significantly better than that of the students who did not take part in physical exercise （P<0.05）. The rate of secondary vaccine injection in medical majors was significantly higher than that in non-medical majors （P<0.05）. 87.50% of the students had the intention of antibody detection， and the intention of the students who had studied immunology course was significantly higher than that of the students who had not studied immunology course （P<0.05）. The most popular place for college students to undergo antibody testing was hospital， with an average price of （84.768 5±31.489 3） yuan. Conclusion： College students cognition of active immunity is insufficient， especially the health education of non-medical college students still needs to be carried out. College students are willing to test antibody and expect reasonable price.

[Key words] College students Active immunization Cognition Antibody Detection

First-authors address： Shandong First Medical University， Taian 271016， China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.07.020

2020年的新型冠狀病毒肺炎的流行，使人们再次关注传染病与疫苗[1]。疫苗的研发和使用对疾病的预防和控制起着非常重要的作用，是一种个体和群体的主动免疫策略，我国经历了计划免疫到免疫规划的转变。计划免疫在中国已经实施了将近半个世纪，取得了举世瞩目的成就，是目前预防传染病的主要手段之一[2]。随着疫苗销售的市场化，也出现了诸如非免疫规划疫苗接种率低，公众对疫苗的认识存在误区等问题[3]。近年来，若干问题疫苗事件导致公众对疫苗的信任度有所下降[4]。这些都阻碍了免疫规划的发展，也不利于全民健康的推进。为了促进全面监控，形成免疫屏障，达到群体免疫的效果，需要维持一定的疫苗接种率和疫苗接种后的抗体转阳率。

我国免疫规划工作重点关注疫苗的接种率，但对疫苗注射后的抗体生成情况关注较少。大部分人群认为只要打了疫苗就可以产生抗体，其实不然，受技术水平的制约和个体差异，注射疫苗后的抗体转阳率并没……