王娟 谭康业

摘  要：重大突发事件如新冠疫情、地质灾害等的爆发对我国应急物流的及时响应性与运转稳定性提出严峻挑战与要求。针对重大突发事件下应急物流配送时效性不足、系统总成本过高等问题，以车辆配送走行成本、时间成本、早到/迟到惩罚成本和出车固定成本最小化为目标，考虑各需求点收货软时间窗、车辆额定载重量、容积、车辆单次配送最大行驶里程等约束条件，构建面向重大突发事件的应急物流车辆路径优化模型;引入收敛速度改进策略、粒子搜索改进策略、精英保留改进策略，设计了一种适于求解全局优化问题的改进粒子群优化算法。仿真结果表明，利用改进的粒子群优化算法求解面向重大突发事件的应急物流车辆路径问题时，能够得到更加优化的结果。

关键词：应急物流;车辆路径优化;软时间窗;改进的粒子群优化算法;重大突发事件

中图分类号：F252.8    文献标识码：A

Abstract： A major epidemic situation such as COVID-19 or geological disaster brings severe challenges and requirements for the timely response and operational stability of emergency logistics. Basing on the problems of insufficient timeliness and high total system cost of emergency logistics distribution in major epidemic situations， taking the minimum of vehicle distribution travel cost， time cost， early/late punishment cost， and fixed cost of vehicle as the target， the soft time window for receiving goods at each demand point， the rated load of the vehicle， the volume， the maximum travel of the vehicle in a single delivery as constraints， the emergency logistics vehicle routing problem optimization model for major epidemics was constructed. The convergence speed improvement strategy， particle search improvement strategy， and elite retention improvement strategy were introduced to improve particle swarm optimization algorithm suitable for solving global optimization problems. The simulation results show that， the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm designed to solve the emergency logistics vehicle routing problem for major epidemic situation can reach optimal results.

Key words： emergency logistics; vehicle routing problem optimization; soft time window; improved particle swarm optimization algorithm; major epidemic situation

应急物流通常指的是为应对自然灾害或灾难性的突发事件，对生活用品、救援物资和人员的紧急调运安排的一类特殊的物流管理活动[1]。应急物流是应急事件反应体系中至关重要的一环，而应急车辆路径优化又是应急物流活动能否快速、准确、稳定运行的关键，是应急物流的重要组成部分。国家重大应急事件包括公共卫生事件、地质灾害、重大自然灾害等，如新冠病毒疫情期间武汉采取封城策略，对城市应急物流提出了极大挑战。……