王建华 李富华

摘  要：针对当前资源浪费和环境污染問题日益凸显而废旧品回收机制不健全的现状，对市场正规和非正规回收群体的激励与制约机制进行探究，分析政府部门对两类回收群体策略选择的影响，构建政府部门、正规和非正规回收群体这三方演化博弈模型，利用数值仿真分析三个主体采取对应策略的演化趋势，以此判断政府部门采取不同策略时对于两类回收群体策略选择的影响。结果表明，影响系统演化至理想状态的因素包括政府部门对非正规回收群体转型升级的补贴、非正规回收群体转型升级策略时的收益、非正规回收群体从正规回收群体获得的技术溢出收益。

关键词：废旧品回收处理;三方演化博弈;演化稳定策略;数值仿真

中图分类号：F713.2    文献标识码：A

Abstract： In view of the increasingly prominent problems of resource waste and environmental pollution and the incomplete recycling mechanism of waste products， we will explore the incentive and restriction mechanism of the formal and informal recycling groups in the market， and analyze the influence of government departments on the strategic choices of the two types of recycling groups. The three-party evolutionary game model of government departments， formal and informal recycling groups uses numerical simulation to analyze the evolution trend of the corresponding strategies adopted by the three subjects， so as to judge the influence of the two types of recycling groups when the government departments adopt different strategies. The results show that the factors that affect the evolution of the system to the ideal state include government subsidies for the transformation and upgrading of informal recycling groups， the benefits of the transformation and upgrading strategies of informal recycling groups， the technology spillover benefits that informal recycling groups obtain from formal recycling groups.

Key words： waste recycling; tripartite evolutionary game; evolutionary stability strategy; numerical simulation

0  引  言

近年来，随着科学技术和经济的快速发展，产品的生命周期日益缩短，废旧产品越来越多，资源浪费和环境污染问题日益凸显。大量有用资源的浪费，加剧了我国资源短缺的矛盾。为实现废旧产品的循环再利用，降低资源消耗、减少废弃物排放，越来越多的国家和政府相继制定了更为严厉的环境保护政策和法律，可以说，作为解决由废旧品的环境污染和资源浪费问题的有效手段，对废旧品的回收问题已经受到社会各界的高度重视。目前，市场上对于废旧品的回收主要分为两种：一种是废旧品的正规回收群体;另一种则是废旧品的非正规回收群体。……