谭迪 李金雷 王三红

摘要 [目的]研究4种钙肥对2个桃品种生长发育、矿质元素含量、果实品质、裂果率和贮藏期间病害的影响。[方法]以“早露蟠桃”和“源东白桃”为材料，在果实幼果期、硬核期和成熟前期，分别用170 mg/L康朴液钙、果蔬钙、硝酸钙、硝酸钙+GA3 4种钙肥喷施叶子和果实，用活体叶绿素仪SPAD-502测量叶片SPAD值;电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-AES）测量果实和叶片中Ca、K和P含量;成熟时，统计2个品种果实裂果以及储藏期间果实品质变化。[结果]2个品种在不同生长时期，喷施4种钙肥均提高叶片SPAD值，其中康朴液钙效果较好;喷施不同钙肥均提高叶片和果实钙含量，其中以幼果期喷施效果最明显;“早露蟠桃”成熟时果蔬钙处理裂果率最低;不同钙肥均提高果实横径，降低贮藏期间果实腐烂。[结论]不同钙肥处理对桃树不同品种内在生理产生不同作用，影响果实品质以及储藏性。揭示钙与桃果实品质以及采后储藏相关。

关键词 “早露蟠桃”;“源东白桃”;钙肥;果实品质;采后贮藏

中图分类号 S662.1文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2021）07-0160-07

Abstract [Objective] To study the effects of four calcium fertilizers on the growth development， mineral element content， fruit quality， fruit cracking rate and diseases during storage of two peach varieties. [Method]  Using Zaolu flat peach and Yuandong white peach as materials， they were sprayed with four foliar fertilizers， i.e. 170 mg/L compo calcium（CPC）， sugar alcohol calcium （SAC）， calcium nitrate [Ca（NO3）2]， calcium nitrate+ gibberellin [Ca（NO3）2+GA3]， respectively， at the young， corehardening and premature stage of the fruit development. The SPAD value of leaves was measured with the chlorophyll meter SPAD502 in vivo.  The content of Ca， K and P in fruits and leaves were measured with the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer （ICPAES）; the cracking perfermance of the two varieties was investigated  during ripping stage and the percentage of deterioration of the fruits was calculated during storage . [Result] Spraying four calcium fertilizers all increased the SPAD value of peach leaves at different growth stages ， and among which CPC works better than others;  spraying calcium fertilizers all increased  calcium content in the leaves and fruits. The effect was the most obvious when spraying at the young fruit period; the SAC treatment had the lowest rate of fruit cracking; different calcium fertilizers all increased the fruits transverse length and slowed down the fruit rot during storage. [Conclusion]Due to the differences in varieties， different calcium fertilizer treatments have different effects on the intrinsic physiology of peach trees， affecting fruit quality and storage. It reveals that the content of calcium is positively correlative to the fruit quality and postharvest storage.

Key words Zaolu flat peach;Yuandong white peach;Calcium fertilizer;Fruit quality;Postharvest storage

作者簡介 谭迪（1995—），女，河南南阳人，硕士研究生，研究方向：果树钙营养生理。

*通信作者，教授，博士，博士生导师，从事果树逆境生理研究。

果树生长发育及生理生化过程都与钙密切相关[1- 2]。果实中的钙能够中和草酸，形成不溶性草酸钙，从而增强果皮韧性，提高果实硬度，降低裂果率，增强果实抗病性，延长果实的贮藏时间。钙还能提高果实的产量和品质[3]。大多蟠桃、早熟桃品种果实风味淡，不耐贮藏，而且蟠桃在栽培中果顶容易开裂。……