不同飞行高度对植保无人机雾滴沉积分布和水稻病虫防效的影响
2021-04-29蒲颇伍亚琼马利杨德斌徐应杰张伟
蒲颇 伍亚琼 马利 杨德斌 徐应杰 张伟



摘要 通过大田试验,评价不同飞行高度对大疆MG-1S植保无人机雾滴沉积分布及水稻病虫害防治效果的影响。结果表明,在3个飞行高度下,植保無人机施药处理的雾滴覆盖密度为(18.20±0.67)~(28.60±2.37)个/cm.2,沉积量为(7.53±0.23)~(11.20±1.86)L/hm.2。不同处理下水稻二化螟和水稻纹枯病的防治效果为85.8%~93.1%、89.7%~94.7%。不同飞行高度对植保无人机施药的雾滴覆盖密度和沉积量的影响存在差异,但对沉积量影响不显著。结合飞行作业质量技术指标和防治效果,植保无人机施药防治水稻病虫的优选作业高度为2.0~2.5 m。
关键词 植保无人机;雾滴覆盖密度;沉积量;水稻病虫害;防治效果
中图分类号 S252.+.3文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611(2021)07-0154-03
Abstract Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different flight altitudes on distribution characteristics of pesticide spraying droplets deposition and control efficiency against the pest of rice by MG1S UAV. The results showed that at the three flight altitudes, the droplet density ranged from (18.20±0.67) to (28.60±2.37)ind/cm.2, the deposit rate ranged from (7.53±0.23) to (11.20±1.86) L/hm.2. The control efficiency against Chilo suppressalis and Rhizoctonia solani under different treatments was 85.8%-93.1% and 89.7%-94.7% respectively. The results showed that different flight altitudes had different effects on the droplet density and deposit rate of UAV. In addition to the significant effect on the droplet density under different flight altitudes, the deposit rate had no significant effects. Combined with the quality indexes of UAV and control efficiency, the preferred flight altitude of UAV was 2.0-2.5 m.
Key words UAV;Droplet density;Deposit rate;Pest of rice;Control efficiency
作者简介 蒲颇(1988—),男,四川成都人,农艺师,硕士,从事农作物病虫害监测与防治研究。
水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是四川最主要的粮食作物,常年种植面积190万hm.2以上[1]。四川稻区属亚热带季风气候,气候温暖湿润,水稻病虫害常发重发,常年发生面积400万hm.2以上,主要有二化螟(Chilo suppressalis)、白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera)、三化螟(Tryporyza incertulas)、稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)、稻瘟病(Pyricularia grisea)、稻曲病(Ustilaginoidea oryzae)、水稻纹枯病(Rhizoctonia solani)等[2]。目前,普遍采用背负式机动喷雾器等大容量、大雾滴“淋洗式”技术喷施化学农药对水稻病虫害进行防治,药液流失严重,农药利用率低,对农业生产环境造成了严重威胁[3]。不合理使用农药造成的土壤污染问题越来越受到人们的重视,赵其国[4]和陈印军等[5]研究发现,全国受农药污染的农田土壤超过930万hm.2。2015年农业部提出到2020年农药零增长行动计划[6],迫切需要高效施药机械,改进精准施药技术,以适应新阶段提高农药利用率、建立绿色农业的需要[7-8]。……
