关昕 李可强 魏汉莲 庄敬华

摘要 选择10种高效、低毒、低残的化学杀菌剂对人参黑斑病防治进行了田间药效试验。结果表明，异菌脲、腐霉利和代森锰锌等是防治人参黑斑病的较好药剂，其中异菌脲因全年用药5次的发病率为0，相对防效达100%，并对人参具有刺激生长、延长绿叶期的作用，使参根增重16.21%，可作为农田栽参防治人参黑斑病的特效药。在农田栽参大面积黑斑病防治上可推广异菌脲、腐霉利、代森锰锌、粉锈宁等药剂，其中异菌脲和代森锰锌2种药剂交替使用将有效控制人参黑斑病的发生发展，从而大幅度提高人参产量。

关键词 人参黑斑病;药效试验;病情指数;相对防效

中图分类号 S435.675文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2021）07-0146-03

Abstract 10 highefficiency， lowtoxicity， and lowresidual chemical fungicides were selected to conduct field trials on the prevention and treatment of ginseng blackfleck disease. Field efficacy trial showed that effect of iprodione， procymidone and mancozeb were better than other fungicides. Incidence of blackfleck disease was zero by applying iprodione on ginseng， while the relative control effect reached 100%. They stimulated the growth of ginseng， prolonged the greenery period， and increased the weight of ginseng root by 16.21%， and could be used as specific pesticide to control blackfleck disease of ginseng. In the prevention and control of blackfleck disease on large areas of ginseng grown in farmland， chemicals such as iprodione， procymidone， mancozeb， and triadimefon could be promoted. Iprodione and mancozeb were used as specific drugs to prevent and treat ginseng blackfleck disease. The alternating use of the two fungicides will effectively control the occurrence and development of ginseng blackfleck disease， thereby greatly increasing the yield of ginseng.

Key words Black spot of ginseng;Pesticide effectiveness experiment;Disease index;Relative control effect

作者簡介 关昕（1963—），女，辽宁沈阳人，副教授，硕士，从事药用植物栽培育种研究。

人参黑斑病的防治问题，是研究者及参农关注的重要问题[1]。由人参黑斑病菌（Altemaria panax Whetz.）引起的人参黑斑病是人参生产的严重病害之一。病斑呈近圆形至不规则形，最初呈黄褐色，后变为褐色，中心颜色变淡，外缘有轮纹状，干燥后容易破碎，阴天潮湿天气病斑扩散迅速，使叶片枯死[2-3]。黑斑病可发生在人参整个生长期内，并具有反复侵染性[4]，能侵染人参全株的多个部位，以人参根、茎、叶、果为主。常年发病率20%～30%，严重时可达90%以上[3，5-9]，可使参籽干瘪无收成[10]，参根减产10%～50%。人参黑斑病为局部流行性病害，随着人参生育年限的增加，病害逐年加重，对人参产量和质量造成严重威胁[11]。近年来在该病防治上已有一定进展，但在大部分老参区还是沿用老办法不能有效控制病害的发生和发展。……