杨素苗 董宇航 马筱建 石海强 杜纪壮 姚树然 段鹏伟

摘    要：為探明气象因子对果实品质的影响，确定适宜‘富士苹果栽培的气候条件范围，应用主成分分析、多元线性回归及线性规划对河北省44个苹果园及当地气象因子进行分析。结果表明，气候因子对果实的着色指数、裂果指数、质构特性影响显著，对单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量没有显著影响;适宜‘富士苹果栽培的气候条件为生长期日均气温17.05～18.42 ℃，平均日较差9.94～14.61 ℃，日均降水量1.29～3.09 mm，日均湿度55.01%～71.55%，日均日照时数5.72～5.92 h，及年日均气温8.38～15.60 ℃，平均日较差9.59～14.26 ℃，日均降水量0.79～1.93 mm，日均湿度50.15%～65.67%，日均日照时数5.19～7.48 h。综上，河北省生长期内的日较差、降水量和湿度，以及周年的温度、日较差、降雨量、湿度和光照时数均适宜‘富士苹果栽培，部分地区生长期内过高的日照时数和温度是影响果实品质的关键气象因子。

关键词：苹果;果实品质;主成分回归;线性规划;气象因子

中图分类号：S162.5+5         文献标识码：A          DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.03.014

The Effects of Climate Factors on Fruit Quality of 'Fuji' Apple in Hebei Province

YANG Sumiao1， DONG Yuhang2， MA Xiaojian1， SHI Haiqiang1， DU Jizhuang1， YAO Shuran2， DUAN Pengwei1

（1.Shijiazhuang Institute of Fruit Trees， Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences， Shijiazhuang， Hebei 050000， China; 2.Meteorological Institute of Hebei Province， Shijiazhuang，  Hebei  050000， China）

Abstract： In order to ascertain the impact of meteorological factors on fruit quality and determine the suitable range of climatic conditions for 'Fuji' apple cultivation， 44 apple orchards and local meteorological factors in Hebei Province were analyzed through the principal component analysis， multiple linear regression and linear programming. The results showed that climate factors had significant effects on fruit color index， cracking index， and texture characteristics， but had no significant effects on fruit weight， soluble solid content， and titratable acid content. The suitable climatic conditions for 'Fuji' apple cultivation were as follows： the average daily temperature was 17.05-18.42℃， the average diurnal temperature range was 9.94-14.61 ℃， the average daily precipitation was 1.29-3.09 mm， the average daily humidity was 55.01%-71.55%， the average daily sunshine hours was 5.72-5.92 h during the growth period;the average daily temperature was 8.38 -15.60 ℃， the average daily temperature difference was 9.59-14.26 ℃， the average daily precipitation was 0.79-1.93 mm， the average daily humidity was 50.15%-65.67%， and the average daily sunshine hours was 5.19-7.48 h in the whole year. In summary， the diurnal temperature range， precipitation and humidity during the growth period， as well as the annual temperature， diurnal temperature range， rainfall， humidity and light hours are suitable for the cultivation of 'Fuji' apples in Hebei Province， and the key meteorological factors affecting fruit quality are the too long sunshine hours and the too high temperature during the growth period in some areas.

Key words： apple; fruit quality; principal component regression; linear programming; climate factor

中国是苹果生产大国，种植面积和产量均居世界第一。‘富士是我国的主栽品种，约占苹果种植品种的70%[1]，但通过对主产区‘富士苹果的抽样检测发现，我国苹果的理化品质呈下降趋势[2-5]。果实品质受气候条件影响较大，Sugiura等[6]发现气候变暖导致‘富士和‘津轻苹果花期提前、果实成熟度变高，果实硬度和酸含量降低，可溶性固形物含量提高。申顺吏等[7]认为温度类因子是苹果产量的主要影响因素;Syukur等[8]研究发现，随着温度的升高，结果数量、果实产量、果品级别、果实硬度等均降低。……