乔亚振 王大凤 卢树昌 李夏雯 谭婷婷 陈霖 林子欣 郭蓉

摘    要：集約化设施土壤氮素积累日益严重，导致土壤氮素环境风险增大。试验不同用量水平生物炭，即0%，0.5%，2%，4%，8%等5个处理，研究生物炭施用对夏填闲甜高粱氮素吸收及土壤氮素变化的影响。结果表明，随着生物炭用量增加，饲用甜高粱总生物量和总吸氮量呈现先增加后减少的趋势，2%生物炭处理吸收设施土壤氮素效果最好，吸氮量为194.95 kg·hm-2，0.5%生物炭处理次之，吸氮量为158.54 kg·hm-2。甜高粱种植前后，土壤全氮含量和土壤硝态氮含量均显著降低，减少幅度也是先增大后减小，其中2%和0.5%生物炭处理对土壤氮层间运移有良好阻控效果。5个生物炭处理中，全氮含量在2%生物炭处理降幅最大为35.49%，土壤表层硝态氮含量亦以2%生物炭处理降幅最大为69.7%，0.5%生物炭处理次之，为65.4%。综上，在本试验条件下，0.5%～2%生物炭施用水平对降低设施土壤氮素环境风险有显著效果。

关键词：生物炭;设施土壤;氮素吸收;运移

中图分类号：S514;S156.2                 文献标识码：A                DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.03.011

Effects of Biochar Application on Nitrogen Absorption of Summer Catch Sweet Sorghum and Nitrogen Transport Between Soil Layers

QIAO Yazhen， WANG Dafeng， LU Shuchang， LI Xiawen， TAN Tingting， CHEN Lin， LIN Zixin， GUO Rong

（College of Agronomy and Resource Environment， Tianjin Agricultural University， Tianjin 300384， China）

Abstract：Soil nitrogen accumulation in intensive facilities is becoming more and more serious， which leads to the increase of soil nitrogen environmental risk. The experiment was conducted with biochar and sweet sorghum， five different biochar levels including 0%， 0.5%， 2%， 4%， and 8% were set， and the effects of biochar application on nitrogen absorption of sweet sorghum and soil nitrogen change were studied. The results showed that with the increase of biochar dosage， the total biomass and nitrogen uptake of forage sweet sorghum showed a trend of first increase and then decrease， 2% biochar treatment had the best effect of absorbing soil nitrogen， and the nitrogen uptake was 194.95 kg·hm-2， followed by 0.5% biochar treatment， which was 158.54 kg·hm-2.Before and after planting sweet sorghum， soil total nitrogen content and soil nitrate nitrogen content decreased significantly， and the reduction range also showed a trend of increased first and then decreased， in which 2% and 0.5% biochar treatment had a good control effect on soil nitrogen interlayer transport.Among the five biochar treatments，the total nitrogen content of 2% biochar treatment decreased by 35.49%，the surface nitrate nitrogen content in 2% and 0.5% biochar treatment decreased by 69.7%， 65.4%， respectively.In comprehensively， 0.5%-2% biochar application level werethe optimal level， which had a significant effect on reducing the environmental risk of nitrogen in greenhouse soil.

Key words： biochar; greenhouse soil; nitrogen absorption; transport

2.3.3 饲用甜高粱种植前后设施土壤硝态氮层间运移状况 如图4所示，种植饲用甜高粱后不同土层中硝态氮含量与种植前相比大多都有所降低。其中，0～30 cm硝态氮含量降低幅度最大的为C3处理，30～60 cm和60～90 cm降低幅度最大的为C4处理，90～120 cm土层中硝态氮降幅最大的处理是C1;除C4处理90～120 cm土层硝态氮含量较种植前有所增加以及C1在30～60 cm土层硝态氮有部分上升外，其他处理较种植前均有所降低。4个土层硝态氮降幅的总值及平均值变化趋势均为C3>C2>C4>C5>C1，其中最佳处理为C3，即2%生物炭施用水平下硝态氮含量降低最为明显。