冷应激对奶牛生产性能的影响及其防控措施概述
2021-04-25郭爽孟繁宇徐熙亮杨健李亚东王煦王洪宇
郭爽 孟繁宇 徐熙亮 杨健 李亚东 王煦 王洪宇
摘 要:温度是影响奶牛生产的重要应激因素,包括热应激和冷应激,相关调研结果显示冷应激在我国北方尤其是高寒地区严重影响了奶牛生产,需引起从业人员的广泛关注。根据已有奶牛冷应激的相关文献报道,笔者以奶牛采食量、产奶量和乳品质、免疫功能等方面为切入点,对奶牛生产性能受冷应激影响的相关研究进行了归纳总结,并结合领域内的生产实践,在加强日常的饲养管理提高奶牛舒适度、注重日粮的营养调控满足营养需求及抗应激产品的使用等方面提出了奶牛冷应激的防控建议,为实际生产中奶牛冷应激的合理预防及控制提供参考和借鉴。
关键词:奶牛;冷应激;生产性能;影响;防控措施
中图分类号:S823.9+1;S815 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.03.013
Effects of the Cold Stress on Production in Dairy Cow and Its Prevention and Control Measures
GUO Shuang1, MENG Fanyu2, XU Xiliang3, YANG Jian2, LI Yadong1, WANG Xu1, WANG Hongyu1
(1.Tianjin Agricultural Development Service Center, Tianjin 300061,China; 2.Tianjin Beichen Agricultural Development Service Center, Tianjin 300400,China; 3.KouGen RiSou Biotech (Bei Jing) Company Limited, Beijing 100085,China)
Abstract: Temperature is an important stress factor affecting the production of dairy cows, including heat stress and cold stress.Previous studies have reported that cold stress seriously affects cow production in northern China, which should be pay more attention. Based on the related reports of cold stress in dairy cows, the author summarized the effects of cold stress on the performance of dairy cows from the aspects of feed intake, milk yield, milk quality, immune function, etc.. Combined with the production practice in the field, the prevention and control suggestions of cold stress in dairy cows were put forward in the aspects of strengthening the daily feeding and management to improve the comfort degree of dairy cows, paying attention to the nutrition regulation of diets to meet the nutritional requirements, and the use of anti-stress products. The suggestions could be used for reference in the prevention and control of cold stress in dairy cows.
Key words: dairy cow; cold stress; production; effects; prevention and control measures
加拿大病理生理学家Hans Selye于1936年首次提出了“应激”(Stress)的概念,应激是动物体受到体内外非特异的有害因子(应激原)刺激所表现的机能障碍和防御反应,对奶牛而言,是指奶牛在运输、饲养、生产等过程中,应对环境变化所表现出的生理上和行为上的特异性或非特异性反应,并因此造成健康水平及生产性能下降等方面的危害[1]。其中,温度应激是最常见的一种,包括热應激和冷应激[2]。近年来,奶牛作为对环境要求较为严格的生产型动物,从业者对奶牛热应激导致生产损失引起足够重视,对奶牛舒适度方面(喷淋、卧床设施)投入成本加大,但对奶牛冷应……
