304不锈钢材料激光吸收率的研究
2021-03-30张争艳张慧慧乔国朝张建华
张争艳 张慧慧 乔国朝 张建华



摘要 材料对激光的吸收率对激光的加工效果有着决定性的影响,然而目前关于激光吸收率理论建模的研究还比较缺乏。基于菲涅尔公式,推导304不锈钢对激光吸收率的理论模型。利用原位法测量304不锈钢对激光的吸收率,通过回归分析确定了模型中待定的吸收率系数,从而确定了304不锈钢对激光吸收率的理论模型,进而分析了表面涂石墨、表面粗糙度对吸收率的影响,结果显示涂石墨和粗糙表面都能够提高304不锈钢的吸收率,但在高温时粗糙度对吸收率的影响更显著。
关 键 词 激光加工;不锈钢;吸收率;原位法;理论模型
中图分类号 TG485 文献标志码 A
Abstract The absorption rate of materials to laser has a decisive influence on the processing effect of laser. However, the current research on the theoretical modeling of laser absorption rate is still lacking. Based on the Fresnel formula, this paper derives the theoretical model of the laser absorption rate of 304 stainless steel. The in-situ method is used to measure the absorption rate of 304 stainless steel, and the absorption coefficient to be determined in the model is determined by regression analysis. The theoretical model of the laser absorption rate of 304 stainless steel is determined, and the surface coated graphite and surface roughness are analyzed. The effect of the absorption rate shows that the graphite coating and the rough surface can improve the absorption rate of 304 stainless steel, but the effect of roughness on the absorption rate is more significant at higher temperature.
Key words laser machining; steel; absorption rate; in-situ method; theory model
0 引言
激光由于具有光谱分辨率高、空间和时间相干性好、高频脉冲或连续可调、能量密度高等优点,已广泛应用在航空航天、机械、冶金、造船、医疗等领域。激光加工为非接触热加工,能够无视材料的力学性能实现高效、精密的切割、打孔、焊接、表面熔覆等多种加工目的。它是解决高强度、高硬度、高脆性等难加工材料和实现微小型元件精密加工[1]的有效途径。
在激光加工过程中,当激光照射到金属材料表面时,一部分能量被反射,一部分能量被材料吸收。被吸收的光能与材料表面相互作用转化为热能,在局部区域产生上万度的高温,使材料瞬时熔化和气化产生材料去除。从激光的加工原理可以看出,材料对光能的吸收能力是决定激光加工效果的决定性因素,而吸收率是表征材料对激光吸收能力大小的重要参数[2],吸收率的值越高,材料对激光能量的利用率就越高。……
