基于区块链技术的公共卫生管理模式创新研究
2021-03-24肖瑞雪樊峰伟
肖瑞雪 樊峰伟
摘要:针对当前在公共卫生管理领域的存在的医疗资源配置不均衡、医疗项目资金管理不规范、物资追溯系统不健全、指挥决策系统尚未实现全国互联互通和信息共享等问题,结合区块链技术具有去中心化、不可篡改、交易透明、可追溯性、匿名性、自治性的特征,提出了区块链推进药品、食品防伪溯源,区块链推进医疗资源管理与调控,区块链推进公共卫生政务公开,区块链推进公共卫生数据共建共享,区块链推进公共卫生事件危机管理等应用前景。分析了区块链技术应用需要解决的诸多问题:核心技术的攻关、政府部门的协调、参与方的协作、基础设施的建设、专业人才的培养和机制体系的建立。
关键词:区块链技术;公共卫生;管理模式;运行机制
中图分类号:TP393 文献标识码:A
文章编号:1009-3044(2021)02-0238-03
Abstract: In view of the current situation in public health management, there are many problems such as unbalanced allocation of medical resources, irregular management of medical project funds, imperfect material tracing system, and the failure of command and decision system to realize national interconnection and information sharing. As the blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tamper-ability, transparent transaction, traceability, anonymity and autonomy, it can be used to promote the source of anti-counterfeit drugs and food, optimize the management and control of medical resources, promote the disclosure and sharing of public health data, promote public health crisis management, and so on. And yet, there are still many problems to be solved in the application of blockchain technology such as technical research, personnel training, the construction of facilities, government coordination, the establishment of mechanisms.
Key words: blockchain technology; public health; management model; operation mechanism
1 区块链技术简介
区块链技术建立在数学、计算机网络科学、密码学等多种技术整合的基础上,通过建立去中心化的数据记录和存储体系,并在存储数据的区块上打上时间戳形成前后关联的数据存储结构,也被称为分布式数据库[1]。
区块链应用的六大特点是[2]:(1)去中心化,区块链技术不依赖中央处理节点,采用分布式存储的方式由全网节点共同创建并维护,不存在中心化的设备和管理机构;(2)不可篡改,数据一旦上链,就无法更改,会在系统中永久储存;(3)交易透明,区块链系统采用开源程序,具有开放的规则和高参与度,链上的数据可以被任何一个节点核查和追溯,保证了公开性和透明度。……
