可视化移动抓取设备的研究与实现
2021-03-22赵家进文汉云
赵家进 文汉云



摘要:在诸如污染物泄露、排爆现场、狭小作业空间等不宜人员出现的危险场景中,可远程控制并且能将现场图像传输回操作人员眼前的设备尤为重要。现有的此类设备中,其特点多为履带式底盘,越障能力强;附带可控机械抓手、视频采集与传输单元;各个单元之间的依赖性较高,需要运行在一个稳定的操作系统上。机器人操作系统ROS对现有传感器数据类型进行了分类封装、定义了各个功能节点程序之间的通讯方式,能有效组织机器人运动、控制、传感器数据采集等各个功能之间的协调稳定运行。在ROS的基础上设计了一台具有图像传输、可控抓手、运送物体功能的可视化移动抓取设备,并构造了一台具有完整功能的设备样车。
关键词:运动学分析;图像传输;机械臂;ROS
中图分类号:TP391 文献标识码: A
文章编号:1009-3044(2021)06-0001-03
Abstract: In dangerous scenes such as pollution leakage, explosion removal sites, and small working spaces that are not suitable for personnel, it is particularly important to remotely control and transmit on-site images back to the operators equipment. Most of the existing equipment of this type is characterized by a crawler-type chassis with strong obstacle surpassing ability; with a controllable mechanical gripper, a video capture and transmission unit; the dependence between each unit is high, and it needs to operate in a stable Operating system. The robot operating system ROS classifies and encapsulates the existing sensor data types, defines the communication mode between each function node program, and can effectively organize the coordinated and stable operation of various functions such as robot motion, control, and sensor data collection. On the basis of ROS, a visual mobile grasping device with image transmission, controllable gripper, and object transportation functions was designed, and a prototype vehicle with complete functions was constructed.
Key words: kinematics analysis; image transmission; robotic arm; ROS
1引言
移动机器人的研究一直是国内外各大实验室的重点研究方向;在他们的不断努力下,机器人技术不断发展,让远程手术机器人[1]、深海作业机器人[2]、月球探测机器人[3]的实现成为可能。在日常生产生活中,不免会出现工厂污染物泄露、转移易燃易爆等危险物品、探测狭小空间等可能对人员造成伤害或不宜人员进入的场景。基于现有技术和上述场景需求,构建一台具有图像传输、可控机械臂、良好的灵活性的设备尤为重要;其中,操作系统是管理和实现上述各功能的重要支撑。机器人操作系统ROS的分布式节点管理机制能够将分散的各个功能节点联系起来;动态的节点注册机制又不会影响各自的独立性。……
