摘要：拦污栅是设在水电站进水口前，用于阻拦水流携带的水草、漂木、垃圾等杂物的框栅式结构，一般由钢材机构制造，栅条的间距取决于水轮机型号及尺寸，以保证通过拦污栅的污物不会卡在水轮机过流部件中为准，能有效拦截大型漂浮物如树干、渔网等进入引水钢管对水轮机导叶造成撞击或是缠绕。其是一种刚性好、结构简单、易于安装且拦污性能优越的装置。由于大型水电站进水口拦污栅大部分在水下，对于沉木和半沉木以及大面积的渔网堆积堵塞拦污栅情况无法进行有效的监视，鉴于拦污栅堵塞问题的严重性和目前无法有效对入水部分的堵塞情况进行实时监督，本文就对如何发现拦污栅堵塞，防止、减轻堵塞情况，以及其如何及时有效清理堵塞物的方法进行探讨。

关键词：水电厂  拦污栅清污  拦污栅  改造

Abstract： The trash rack is a frame structure set in front of the water inlet of the hydropower station to block the water， grass， driftwood， garbage and other sundries carried by the water flow. Generally， it is made of steel institutions. The spacing of grid bars depends on the model and size of the turbine， so as to ensure that the dirt passing through the trash rack will not be stuck in the flow passage parts of the turbine. It can effectively intercept large floating objects such as tree trunks and fishing nets into the diversion steel pipe， causing collision or winding of the turbine guide vane. It is a device which has the advantages of good rigidity， simple structure， easy installation and excellent dirt-stopping performance. Since most of the trash rack in the intake of large hydropower stations is under water， there is no effective monitoring method for the blockage of the trash rack caused by the accumulation of submerged logs and semi-submerged logs as well as large areas of fishing nets， in view of the seriousness of trash rack clogging and the current inability to effectively carry out the part of the real-time monitoring of clogging. This paper discusses how to find and prevent the blockage of trash rack， how to reduce the blockage and how to clear the blockage in time and effectively.

Key Words： Hydropower plant; Trash rack cleaning; Trash rack; Transformation

位于乌江河下游的构皮滩水电站，每年有几万立方米木材过坝，木材卡在攔污栅前面必须待机组停机后开铁船过去人工清理。当处于汛期时，停机机会少，分散来的漂木被截留在水库中，使许多圆木由漂木变为沉木和半沉木，吸附到拦污栅上，堵塞、撞击拦污栅栅条对整个栅体造成巨大的压力，给电厂的安全运行造成极大的威胁。拦污栅是水轮机组的唯一防护设施，直接关系着机组的安危[1]。葛洲坝水电站也曾经发生拦污栅堵塞造成发电机出力受损而被迫停机的事故，特别是高水头水电站，一旦拦污栅因堵塞引起憋压可能使拦污栅变形损坏，甚至冲毁拦污栅使其掉入引水管路，从而进入蜗壳、水轮机导叶造成长时间的机组停运。……