高翔　王俊杰,李响　仝雅娜　马洪英　杨小玲　张淑香　梁鸣早　路森

摘    要： 在设施栽培条件下，探讨了春茬茄子产量、品质和农学性状、以及土壤养分含量对四种肥料和土壤调理剂组合模式的响应。结果表明，与对照施肥模式（有机肥30 000 kg·hm-2，复合肥750 kg·hm-2，硫酸钾112.5 kg·hm-2）相比，新绛和仲元两种组合模式可显著提高了茄子产量和维生素C含量，降低其硝酸盐含量。从收获后土壤养分含量上看，新绛模式和仲元模式土壤pH值和全盐含量均有所降低，有机质，速效氮、有效磷和速效钾含量有所提高。因此，仲元肥料模式为本次温室试验条件下的最优养分配比。

关键词：肥料;土壤调理剂;茄子;产量和品质;土壤养分

中图分类号：S641.1          文献标识码：A           DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.01.021

Study on Improving Yield of Eggplant and Soil Nutrient Content with Soil Conditioner Application

GAO Xiang1， WANG Junjie2， LI Xiang2， TONG Yana2， MA Hongying2， YANG Xiaoling2， ZHANG Shuxiang1， LU Sen3

（1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081，China; 2. TianJin Facility Agriculture Research Institute， Tianjin 301700，China;3. Zhongyuan （Beijing） Green Biotechnology Development Company Limited， Beijing 100012， China）

Abstract：The study was conducted in facility greenhouse in Tianjin， to explore the response of yield， quality and biological characteristics of spring eggplant， as well as soil nutrient content on four fertilization modes and soil conditioner with biological inoculants. The results showed that compared with the control fertilization mode （organic fertilizer 30 000 kg·hm-2， compound fertilizer 750 kg·hm-2， K2SO4 112.5 kg·hm-2）， Xinjiang and Zhongyuan fertilization mode significantly increased the yield of eggplant. On the quality of eggplant， Xinjiang and Zhongyuan fertilization mode significantly increased vitamin C content， decreased nitrate content. In the terms of soil nutrient content， compared with the basic nutrient content of soil before eggplant planting， the Xinjiang and the Zhongyuan model both reduced the pH value and total salt content， and increased the organic matter， available nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium content. Therefore， the application of fertilizer model with soil conditioner on Zhongyuan was the optimal nutrient allocation ratio under the facility greenhouse condition.

Key words： fertilizer; soil conditioner; eggplant; yield and quality; soil nutrient

茄子（Solanum melongena L.）在我国各地普遍种植，是受人民喜爱的果菜类蔬菜之一[1-2]。茄子在生長过程中具有养分需求量大和生长周期长等特点，因此在温室中栽培茄子，肥料的施用量对作物的产量和品质至关重要[3-4]。然而，目前传统的肥料使用普遍存在氮和磷肥施用量多大，钾肥施用量少，且存在单施化肥和复合肥，缺有机肥投入，养分利用率低等问题[1，4]。同时过量的施用化肥不仅超过了作物生长的需求，降低肥料的利用率，同时还会造成土壤养分的累积，引起农产品的安全、以及大气污染等问题[3-5]。

土壤调理剂是针对土壤使用过度或者污染导致营养流失而开发的产品，其施入土壤后可改善土壤的物理、化学和微生物反应，提高土壤保肥保水，从而提高了肥料利用率和减少对环境的污染[6-8]。……