郝祥蕊　张德龙　张红艳　彭衍彪　李慧

摘    要：针对目前设施农业生产中出现的过量施用化学肥料所导致的作物品质下降、土传病害和连作障碍严重、土壤板结等问题，采用生物有机肥和水溶肥等功能性肥料组合，探究在减量施肥配合增施菌剂条件下对设施番茄的产量、品质以及土壤的影响。结果表明，与传统施肥相比，功能肥料组合施用处理化学肥料施用减少41.7%，番茄产量提升18.5%，果实糖度提高18.9%，优果率和果实转色比例显著增加;土壤容重和土壤电导率显著降低而土壤有效磷含量增加，且土壤细菌和放线菌数增加。综合而言该功能肥料组合施用施肥方案可在减少化学肥料的同时提高设施番茄的产量和品质，并有助于改良土壤、增加农民收入。

关键词：设施番茄;减量施肥;功能性肥料;微生物菌剂;土壤改良

中图分类号：S641.2             文献标识码：A             DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.01.019

Effects of Combined Application of Functional Fertilizer on Tomato Yield and Soil Fertility in Facility

HAO Xiangrui， ZHANG Delong， ZHANG Hongyan， PENG Yanbiao， LI Hui

（Shanghai Nongle Biological Products Company Limited，Shanghai 201419，China）

Abstract：In view of the problems such as the decline of crop quality， serious soil-borne diseases and continuous cropping obstacles， and soil compaction caused by the excessive application of chemical fertilizers in the protected field production， the combination of functional fertilizers such as bio-organic fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer was used to explore the effects of reduced fertilization combined with fungicides on the tomato yield， quality， and soil quality. The results showed that compared with the traditional fertilization， the combined application of chemical fertilizer and functional fertilizer decreased by 41.7 %， the tomato yield increased by 18.5%， the fruit sugar content increased by 18.9%， and the excellent fruit rate and fruit color conversion ratio was significantly increased. Soil bulk density and electric conductivity were significantly decreased， soil available phosphorus content increased， soil bacteria and actinomycetes increased.The combined application of functional fertilizer is benefit for reducing chemical fertilizer application， improve tomato yield， quality， soil quality and increase farmers' income.

Key words： facilities of tomatoes; reduced fertilization; functional fertilizer; microbial agent; soil improvement

在設施蔬菜种植过程中，农户为追求高产量和经济效益过量施用化学肥料，导致了土壤养分含量不平衡，土传病害严重，作物品质降低等一系列问题[1]。因此，合理施肥是提高作物品质、改良土壤[2-3]及设施农业可持续发展的有效途径。目前对于作物生长过程中各种养分需求的理论研究已较为成熟，在设计施肥方案时应首先考虑整个生长体系中是否存在作物生长障碍问题，如连作障碍、土传病害、土壤板结养分利用率低等;其次在肥料用量和配比方面，要遵循“大配方小调整”的施肥原则[4-8]，合理调控养分配比;第三在选择产品时，首选有机肥料，与化学肥料相比其富含作物生长所需的微量元素，追肥宜选用水溶肥，与复合肥相比用量少、见效快，更有利于水肥一体化的实施[9]。……