郭洁芸　孙学斌　李建龙

摘    要：随着经济的快速发展，我国的水污染问题日益严重，城市黑臭河道的出现严重影响着人民群众的身心健康和水生态文明的建设进程，黑水除臭已经成为急需解决的难题。江苏省镇江市作为长三角地区的重要口岸，其水污染现状不容乐观，城市河道黑臭问题亟待解决。本文以镇江市为例，分析了黑臭河道的外源性及内源性成因;同时从物理、化学、生物修复等方面，系统综述了有效治理黑臭河道的技术;通过进一步的优化，指出要采用以生物-生态修复技术为主的综合治理技术，重视河道水生态系统的健康。结合玉带河治理案例，展示了应用综合治理技术后的良好效果，可以为今后其他城市黑臭河道的生态治理提供参考。关键词：镇江市黑臭河道;黑臭成因分析;生物-生态修复技术;综合治理

中图分类号：X52          文献标识码：A          DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.01.017

The Cause Analysis and Treatment Technology of Black and Smelly River in City

GUO Jieyun1， SUN Xuebin2， LI Jianlong1

（1.Department of Ecology， School of Life Science， Nanjing University， Nanjing， Jiangsu 210023， China; 2. Water Resources Bureau， RunzhouDistrict， Zhenjiang City， Zhenjiang， Jiangsu 212032， China）

Abstract： With the rapid development of economy， the problem of water pollution in China has become increasingly serious. The appearance of black and smelly rivers in cities has seriously affected the physical and mental health of the people and the construction process of water ecological civilization. Deodorization of black water has become an urgent problem to be solved. As an important port in the Yangtze River Delta， Zhenjiang city of Jiangsu Province is facing an unoptimistic situation of water pollution， and the black and smelly problem in urban rivers needs to be solved urgently. Taking Zhenjiang city as an example， this paper analyzed the exogenous and endogenous causes of black and smelly river. At the same time， from the physical， chemical and bioremediation aspects， the effective technology of black and smelly river treatment was systematically summarized.Through further optimization，it was pointed out that the comprehensive treatment technology based on bio-ecological remediation technology should be used and pay attention to the health of river water ecosystem.Combined with the case of Yudai River， the satisfied effect of comprehensive treatment technology is demonstrated， which can provide reference for ecological treatment of black and smelly river in other cities in the future.

Key words： Zhenjiang black and smelly river; analysis of the causes of black and smelly; bio-ecological remediation technology; comprehensive treatment

城市黑臭河道是對城市建成区内，呈现深绿色甚至是灰黑色或泛出的臭味令人不适的河流的统称[1]。所谓“黑臭”，是由于城市化的快速推进而带来的点、面源污染，如工农业废水和生活污水排入河道，远大于水体的自净容量[2]。工业废渣、城市垃圾等环境污染物，以及过度使用农药等造成的重金属如Ni，Hg，Pb等含量超标的土壤污染[3]，会通过雨水径流进而引起城市河流的水质污染及生态系统功能退化等问题，造成阶段性乃至终年性的河道黑臭状况。据研究统计，2016年我国218座地级及以上城市共计排查出黑臭河、湖、塘1 861段（个），水体黑臭城市占总数的74%[4]。……