天津市绿肥油菜利用研究进展
2021-03-15张盛南曹学浩张一为张鑫马超于海霞王永颖陈荣荣李泽青王鸿英
张盛南 曹学浩 张一为 张鑫 马超 于海霞 王永颖 陈荣荣 李泽青 王鸿英
摘 要:绿肥是中国传统的有机肥料之一,可改良土壤、培肥地力,保证农作物稳产、高产、优质。文内综述了油菜生防、养地和作为饲料进行开发的作用,绿肥油菜的种植技术模式,天津市绿肥油菜发展现状和春油菜—青贮玉米复种技术模式。提出研究和推广的相关技术,加大政策和资金扶持投入发展绿肥作物,建立新型生态高效耕作模式,助力农业可持续发展。
关键词:绿肥;油菜;利用;研究进展
中图分类号:G712 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.01.018
Studies Progress on Utilization of Green Fertilizer Rapeseed in Tianjin
ZHANG Shengnan, CAO Xuehao, ZHANG Yiwei, ZHANG Xin, MA Chao, YU Haixia, WANG Yongying, CHEN Rongrong, LI Zeqing,WANG Hongying
(Tianjin Agricultural Development Services Center, Tianjin 300061,China)
Abstract: Green fertilizer is one of the traditional organic fertilizers in China, which can improve the soil, fertilize the soil and ensure the stable yield, high yield and high quality of crops. In this paper, the effects of rapeseed bio-prevention, cultivation and development as feed, the planting technology model of green fertilizer rapeseed, the development status of green fertilizer rapeseed in Tianjin and the technology model of spring rapeseed and silage maize double cropping were summarized. This paper proposed to development of green fertilizer crops, through research and popularization of related technologies, increasing policy and financial support investment, the establishment of a new ecological and efficient farming mode, to help the sustainable development of agriculture.
Key words: green fertilizer; rapeseed; utilization; studies progress
綠肥是中国传统的有机肥料之一,可改良土壤、培肥地力,保证农作物稳产、高产、优质,在发展可持续农业,保护生态环境,促进现代都市农业发展方面的作用日益凸显。长期以来,农作物种植过程中的肥料施用不合理,农民习惯于多施化肥少用有机肥,而多用轻简栽培技术少用精耕技术,造成了养分大量流失、土壤退化、耕地质量差且持续下降,直接影响作物产量和品质。实践证明,仅靠化肥不能实现耕地质量和农田环境持续改善[1]。此外,种植业生产中,中低产田、冬闲田普遍存在,大量宜耕土地没有得到有效利用,种植和发展绿肥是缓解上述问题的有效措施。绿肥油菜有着适应性强、用途广、经济价值高、发展潜力大等极其明显的优势,并且油菜绿肥扎根深,吸收利用土壤难溶性磷与钾能力远高于其他绿肥作物,可为后茬作物平衡养分、高产提供保障,尤其兼具苗薹作蔬菜、花期美化环境多用途,在现代农业生产中有着超越其他绿肥的潜力。……
