贾小虎　张颖　邓蒙芝

摘    要：“三农”问题是关系国计民生的根本性问题，新型农业经营主体培育为解决“三农”问题、实现农业可持续发展提供了重要渠道。农业院校在新型农业经营主体培育工作中以其人才优势、学科优势发挥着重要作用，如何与地方政府、行业企业做好对接，协同推进新型农业经营主体培育值得探讨。本研究围绕新型农业经营主体界定标准不明晰、土地流转难、扶持政策作用不显著等问题进行分析，提出建立“院校为主体、社会多元参与”培育机制等针对性政策建议，旨在将各方面资源力量集中整合，通过发挥集体合力实现效益最大化目标。

关键词：乡村振兴;农业经济;新型农业经营主体

中图分类号：G642.0         文献标识码：A            DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.01.013

Cultivation of New Agricultural Business Entities Under the Strategy of Rural Revitalization —— Based on Agricultural Economics

JIA Xiaohu， ZHANG Ying， Deng Mengzhi

（Institute of Economics and Management， Henan Agricultural University， Zhengzhou，Henan 450002，China）

Abstract： "Three Rural Issues" are fundamental issues related to the national economy and people's livelihood， the cultivation of new agricultural business entities provides an important channel for solving the "Three Rural Issues" and realizing the sustainable development of agriculture. Agricultural Colleges and universities play an important role in the cultivation of new agricultural business entities with their talent advantages and discipline advantages， how to coordinate with local governments and industrial enterprises to promote the cultivation of new agricultural business entities is worth discussing. This study focused on the problems such as unclear definition standards of new agricultural business entities， difficulty in land transfer， and insignificant role of supporting policies， proposed the establishment of "institutions as the main body， social participation" training mechanism and other targeted policy suggestions in order to integrate all aspects of resources and achieved the goal of maximum benefit through collective efforts.

Key words： rural revitalization; agricultural economics; new agricultural business entities

《农业经济学》是农林经济管理专业的必修课程之一。该课程是一门应用性社会科学，是研究农业经济及其过程规律性的科学。农业经济学旨在探讨农业经济的内容、结构、本质、作用，研究农业经济相关政策制定、实施、评价、调整等方面的基本原理、原则和方法，分析农业经济的客观基础及其运行规律，从而达到正确运用政策手段，致力于“三农”问题解决，促进农业和农村经济发展的目的。

改革开放以来，家庭联产承包责任制为我国农村经济的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。然而，随着市场经济的快速发展，工业化、城镇化进程加速，我国农村就業结构、人口结构、产业结构和经济结构均在发生显著性变化，传统农业经营方式与经营主体不相适应的问题日益显现;同时，农业市场国际化程度不断增强，国际农产品竞争也越发激烈，小规模的家庭承包与大市场的矛盾日益凸显。……