孙倚梦 张德元

摘要 实现小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接，既是实现农业现代化的关键，也是解决我国“三农”问题的重要途径。通过分析，认为小农户和现代农业有效衔接的关键在于4个逻辑的衔接——社会逻辑、技术逻辑、市场逻辑和服务逻辑，分别体现为小农户组织化程度、现代农业技术体系完善度、小农户收益提升以及分工专业化4个方面。农民合作社作为新型农业经营主体之一，因在提升小农户的组织化程度和农业服务规模化程度等方面的重要作用，被认为是目前最适合的衔接载体，但合作社在建设和发展过程中仍有很多不足之处需要完善。

关键词 小农户;现代农业;农民合作社;衔接逻辑

中图分类号 S-9;F306.4 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）01-0229-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.060

Abstract Realizing the organic connection between small farming households and modern agricultural development is not only the key to promote agricultural modernization， but also an important way to solve the problems of agriculture， rural areas and farmers. This paper believes that the key to effective connection between small farming households and modern agriculture lies in the connection of four logics： social logic， technical logic， market logic， service logic， which are respectively reflected into four areas： the degree of organization of small farmers， the perfection of modern agricultural technology systems， the benefits of small farmers promotion and specialized division of labor. As one of the main bodies of new agricultural operations， farmer cooperatives are considered to be the most suitable connection carriers at present because of their important role in improving the organization of small farmers and the scale of agricultural services. However， there are still many deficiencies that farmer cooperatives need to be improved in the process of construction and development.

Key words Small farming households;Modern agriculture;Farmer cooperatives;Logic of connection

2017年十九大首次提及“鄉村振兴战略”，同时指出要实现小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接，近些年的中央一号文件也一直聚焦于此。大力发展现代农业是解决农业、农村、农民问题的核心举措，而加强小农户与现代农业有机衔接是解决“三农”问题的突破口[1]。第三次农业普查统计结果表明，目前我国小农户人数为2.3亿，约占农业经营人口总数的90%，小农户经营耕地面积占耕地面积总数的比重超过70%[2]。中国是一个富有小农传统的农业大国[3]，因此，要实现以小农户为基础的农业现代化，必须综合考虑小农经济和现代农业的关系[4]。我国耕地数量及农村发展现状决定了“小农户大量且长期存在”这一基本事实，小农户将是长期伴随我国农业现代化发展的一个显著特征。……