李康勇 李桂元 徐义军 张杰 张勇 胡春艳 刘思妍

摘要 为探索自压吸气增氧灌溉对水稻生长及产量的影响，研制了自压吸气放水管，设计4种田间灌溉排水模式，分析自压吸气增氧灌溉对水稻生长及产量的影响。结果表明：4种灌排模式中，增氧灌溉处理水稻的生长及产量均优于不增氧处理，但不同灌溉模式下增氧对促进水稻生长的效果差别较大。增氧对常规灌溉模式下水稻增产的促进作用最为明显。增氧灌溉对常规模式下水稻分蘖前期分蘖的促进作用比较明显，对灌溉模式Ⅱ水稻分蘖后期分蘖的促进作用比较明显。

关键词 自压吸气增氧放水管;灌溉;生长;产量

中图分类号 S274 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）01-0207-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.055

Abstract In order to explore the effects of self-pressurized inspiratory aeration irrigation on the growth and yield of rice， a self-pressurized inspiratory aeration irrigation pipe was developed， four kinds of field irrigation and drainage models were designed，the effects of self-pressurized inspiratory aeration irrigation on the growth and yield of rice were analyzed. The results showed that the growth and yield of rice under oxygenation were better than those without oxygenation treatment among the four irrigation and drainage models，but the promotion effect of oxygenation under different irrigation models on the growth of rice was quite different. Oxygenation with conventional irrigation model had the most obvious promoting effects on the yield increase of rice. Oxygenation had more obvious promoting effects on the tillering of rice at the early tillering stage under conventional irrigation model， and it had more obvious promoting effects on the tillering of rice at the late tillering stage under Ⅱ irrigation model.

Key words Self-pressurized inspiratory pipe of aeration irrigation;Irrigation;Growth;Yield

作物根系缺氧是制約作物生长的一个重要因素，如何解决根系缺氧问题一直是国内外研究的热点[1-3]。水稻是我国南方地区的主要粮食作物之一，因生长在透气性差的黏性土壤中和根系长时间被水层淹没导致的根系缺氧问题是造成水稻产量下降的主要因素之一[4-7]。研究表明，增氧灌溉技术能够有效缓解根系缺氧问题，主要通过改善土壤中根系的呼吸环境，以促进微生物活动及作物根系生长，提高作物品质及产量[8-11]。目前常用的增氧方式主要有化学增氧和机械增氧，其中化学增氧主要是通过向灌溉水中加入易反应产生氧气的化学物质，如H2O2和CaO2等;机械增氧则是通过气泵向灌溉水或土壤中注入空气或氧气，以提高灌溉水中的氧气含量。……