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不同造林密度对油用柠檬桉光合特性的影响

2021-03-01贺旺龙周丽珠谷瑶袁德义杨漓

安徽农业科学 2021年1期

贺旺龙 周丽珠 谷瑶 袁德义 杨漓

摘要 分析在4个密度下[D1(0.7 m×0.8 m,17 800株/hm2)、D2(1.0 m×1.0 m,10 000株/hm2)、D3(1.0 m×1.5 m,6 660株/hm2)、D4(2.0 m×3.0 m,1 650株/hm2)]柠檬桉光合特性。结果表明:柠檬桉光饱和点为1 636.56~1 963.81 μmol/(m2·s),密度D3的光饱和点最高,D1的光饱和点最低;光补偿点为43.32~66.25 μmol/(m2·s),密度D3的光补偿点最高,D1的光补偿点最低;表观量子效率為0.056 3~0.068 9,不同密度间差异不显著;最大净光合速率为16.88~24.82 μmol/(m2·s),密度D3的最大净光合速率最高,D1的最大净光合速率最低;暗呼吸速率为1.63~2.56 μmol/(m2·s),密度D3的暗呼吸速率最高,D1的暗呼吸速率最低。密度D3最大净光合速率高,适应强光能力高,利用弱光能力低,表观量子效率高,暗呼吸速率高。

关键词 柠檬桉;净光合速率;光补偿点;光饱和点

中图分类号 S792.39 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)01-0098-04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.025

Abstract Photosynthetic characteristics of Eucalyptus citriodora under different planting densities, such as D1 (0.7 m×0.8 m, 17 800 plants /hm2), D2 (1.0 m×1.0 m, 10 000 plants /hm2), D3 (1.0 m×1.5 m, 6 660 plants /hm2) and D4 (2.0 m×3.0 m, 1 650 plants /hm2) were studied. The light saturation point of E. citriodora was 1 636.56-1 963.81 μmol/(m2·s). The light saturation point of density D3 was the highest among those four planting densities, while that of D1 was the lowest. The light compensation point of density D3 was 43.32-66.25 μmol/(m2·s). The light compensation point of density D3 was the highest, while that of D1 was the lowest. The apparent quantum efficiency of E. citriodora was 0.056 3-0.068 9, and the difference among different densities was not significant. The maximum net photosynthetic rate was 16.88-24.82 μmol/(m2·s), the maximum net photosynthetic rate of density D3 was the highest, and that of D1 was the lowest. Dark respiration rate was between 1.63-2.56 μmol/(m2·s), density D3 had the highest dark respiration rate and D1 had the lowest dark respiration rate. It was concluded that E. citriodora under D3 density had higher net photosynthetic rate, high adaptability to strong light, low utilization ability of weak light, and high apparent quantum efficiency, while E. citriodora under D3 density had low dark respiration rate.

Key words Eucalyptus citriodora;Net photosynthetic rate;Light compensation point;Light saturation point

柠檬桉(Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.f.)是桃金娘科(Myrtaceae)桉属(Eucalyptus)树种,是生长适应能力强的材、油两用树种,具有较高的观赏价值。柠檬桉主要在长江以南12个省(区)以内分布,最适生区主要集中在东南沿海地带,主要省份为广东、广西、福建、海南[1]。柠檬桉之所以具有很高的经济价值和生态价值,成为重要的开发利用对象,主要是它的木材结构细、基本密度较大以及抗压性能好,同时叶油中香茅醛的含量较高。柠檬桉的主要用途有以下几点:柠檬桉制造的浆纸一般可用来印刷书籍、报刊以及包装等产品,具有柔软性好、厚薄度好等特点;柠檬桉作为一种广受欢迎的观赏植物,在澳大利亚和其他国家常种在路边、公园和花园,它不仅树干通直,而且挺拔秀丽;柠檬桉木材性质坚硬且耐用,适合用作薪材、木炭、测杆和锯材以及建筑材料[2];柠檬桉枝叶提取的柠檬桉油含有大量的香茅醛,它既可以作为一种香料,也是重要的香料合成原料之一,本身又具有驱蚊、杀菌等作用[3-4]。……

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