郭正茂 漆昌柱 杨剑

摘 要：为考察“教练员-运动员”关系（CAR）对青少年运动员心理疲劳的影响及其作用机制，采用CAR问卷、运动心理坚韧性问卷、运动员投入问卷、运动员心理疲劳问卷对753名青少年运动员进行调查。研究发现：（1）CAR能显著负向预测青少年运动员心理疲劳，即CAR对青少年运动员心理疲劳有抑制作用。（2）CAR既可直接影响青少年运动员心理疲劳也可通过心理坚韧和运动投入的中介作用间接影响青少年运动员心理心理疲劳。研究构建的中介效应模型可对青少年运动员心理疲劳的预防和缓解提供参改，未来可通过改善CAR，提高青少年运动员心理坚韧和运动投入水平，进而缓解青少年运动员心理疲劳。

关键词：“教练员-运动员”关系;青少年运动员心理疲劳;心理坚韧;运动投入

中图分类号：G804.86   文献标识码：A  文章编号：1006-2076（2021）05-0032-08

Reconstruction of the relationship between coach-athlete relationship and adolescent athlete burnout： Chain mediating effects of mental toughness and athlete engagement

GUO Zhengmao1，2， QI Changzhu2， YANG Jian3

1.School of P.E.， Shanghai Normal University， Shanghai 200234， China; 2. Postdoctoral Mobile Station of P.E.， Wuhan Sports University， Wuhan 430079， Hubei， China; 3. College of P.E. and Health， East China Normal University， Shanghai 200241， China

Abstract：In order to explore the effect of CAR on adolescent athlete burnout and the mechanism， 753 Chinese adolescent athletes were recruited to complete Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire， Athlete Burnout Questionnaire， Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire， Athlete Engagement Questionnaire. The results show that：1） CAR can negatively predict adolescent athlete burnout， which means that CAR can play inhibiting effect on adolescent athlete burnout. 2） CAR can affect adolescent athlete burnout not only through direct effect， but also through the mediating effects of mental toughness and athlete engagement. Specifically， there are four paths， namely through direct effect， through the mediating effect of mental toughness， through the mediating effect of athlete engagement， and through the chain mediating effects of mental toughness and athlete engagement. The mediating effect model in this study has important reference value for the prevention and treatment of adolescent athlete burnout. In the future， we can prove mental toughness and athlete engagement by enhancing the quality of CAR. As a result， adolescent athlete burnout may be relieved.

Key words：coach-athlete relationship; athlete burnout; mental toughness; athlete engagement; adolescent

疲勞的预防与控制是现代运动训练研究的焦点问题，也是奥运攻关计划研究的主要阵地。疲劳是每个运动员都要经历的考验，与生理疲劳相比，心理疲劳更是运动员竭力避免出现的，因为心理疲劳对运动员的训练和竞赛带来的影响更为复杂、多面。心理疲劳对运动员竞技水平的发挥、训练效益的提升，乃至运动员身心健康的发展都会产生极大的影响。厘清运动员心理疲劳的影响因素及其发生机制，进而有效预防、控制运动员心理疲劳，对运动员积极备战国内外重要赛事具有一定的战略意义。青少年运动员作为竞技体育的后备人才，对其心理疲劳的深入考察则显得尤为重要。……