汤静 徐蕊 王晨宇

摘 要：目的：在對比8周高强度间歇训练（HIIT）期间不同恢复方式（积极性恢复 vs. 消极性恢复）对运动能力的影响，为制定提升运动员运动表现的最佳训练手段提供理论与实践依据。方法：40名青年男子长跑运动员随机分为积极性恢复组（AR，n=20）和消极性恢复组（PR，n=20），在8周的HIIT（30 s运动、30 s间歇）期间分别进行积极性恢复（间歇期继续以低强度运动）或消极性恢复（间歇期完全休息）。于8周训练前后，利用递增负荷运动试验测定最大摄氧量（VO2max）和最大有氧速度（MAV），利用高强度间歇力竭试验测定间歇运动能力并记录力竭时间（ET）。结果：与训练前比较，训练后两组MAV、ET均显著性升高（P<0.05），达到90VO2max以上所持续的时间（T90VO2max）和T95VO2max相对值均无显著性变化（P>0.05），AR组VO2max、T90VO2max和T95VO2max绝对值升高（P<0.05）;与PR组比较，训练后AR组MAV均无显著性差异（P>0.05），VO2max、ET、T90VO2max和T95VO2max绝对值以及相对值升高（P<0.05）。结论：长期HIIT间歇期采用积极性恢复能够显著改善青年男子长跑运动员运动能力和运动表现。

关键词：积极性恢复;消极性恢复;高强度间歇训练;青年男子长跑运动员;最大摄氧量

中图分类号：G808.12   文献标识码：A  文章编号：1006-2076（2021）05-0103-08

Effects of different recovery modes on performance during high-intensity

interval training in young male long-distance runners

TANG Jing1，XU Rui1，WANG Chenyu2

1.Dept. of Physical Education， Henan Institute of Engineering， Zhengzhou 451191， Henan， China;

2.Research Ceuter of Physical Health and Culure，Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics，Zhengzhou 450046，Henan，China

Abstract：Objective： To compare the different recovery modes （active recovery vs. passive recovery） on performance during 8 weeks of high intensity interval training （HIIT）， and to provide theoretical and practical basis for formulating the best training means to improve athletes' sports performance. Methods： 40 young male long-distance runners were randomly divided into active recovery group （AR， n=20） and passive recovery group （PR， n=20）. During the 8-week HIIT （30 s exercise and 30 s interval）， active recovery （continue to low intensity exercise during interval） or passive recovery （complete rest during interval） were performed respectively. Before and after 8 weeks of training， the maximal oxygen uptake （VO2max） and maximal aerobic velocity （MAV） were measured by graded exercise test， and the interval exercise performance was measured by high intensity intermittent exhaustion test and the exhausted time （ET） was recorded. Results： Compared with those before training， MAV and ET increased （P<0.05） while the relative values of time spent above 90 VO2max （T90VO2max） and T95VO2max did not change （P>0.05） in both groups， and VO2max， the absolute values of T90VO2max and T95VO2max raised （P<0.05） in AR group after training. Compared with PR group， MAV showed no significantly different （P>0.05） while VO2max， ET， absolute and relative values of T90VO2max and T95VO2max were higher （P<0.05） in AR group after training. Conclusion： Active recovery during long-term HIIT interval can significantly improve the exercise ability and performance in young male long-distance runners.

Key words：positive recovery; negative recovery; high-intensity interval training; young male long-distance runner; maximum oxygen uptake

长期以来，学术界普遍认为最大摄氧量（maximal oxygen uptake，VO2max）是决定中长跑运动员运动能力和运动表现的重要生理因素[1]。尽管用于提升优秀长跑运动员VO2max的最佳训练手段仍存在争议，但实验研究证实，训练时达到或接近VO2max是改善运动表现的最佳负荷刺激[2-3]。据此有学者提出[3-4]，在运动过程中强度达到90或95VO2max以上所持续的时间（分别记作T90VO2max和T95VO2max）可作为评价针对VO2max训练手段有效性的重要参数。……