基于低维护营造的水生草本植物筛选评价
2021-02-18林尹影陈康琪刘小冬
林尹影 陈康琪 刘小冬


摘要:水生植物是城市水景营造的重要组成部分,复层结构的水景植物配置具有较好低维护特点,需要匹配适应的水生草本植物种类。以珠三角地区为研究区域范围,选取了32种城市水景广泛应用的水生草本植物,运用层次分析法,建立了包括观赏价值、适应性以及生长特性3个准则层和10个评价因子指标的评价模型,对水生草本植物的筛选与运用进行讨论研究。结果表明,32种水生草本植物可分为3个等级,其中I等级6种,Ⅱ等级11种,Ⅲ等级15种,优选推荐翠芦莉Ruellia simplex、风车草Cyperus involucratus、柳叶箬Isachne globosa和菖蒲Acorus calamus等作为低维护城市水景植物景观营造种类。
关键词:低维护;水景营造;水生草本植物;评价
中图分类号:S688
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1671-2641(2021)06-0086-04
收稿日期:2021-04-11
修回日期:2021-06-09
Abstract: Aquatic plants are an important part of the construction of urban waterscapes. The multi-layered waterscape plant configuration has good low-maintenance characteristics and needs to match the types of aquatic herbs. Taking the Pearl River Delta region as the research area, 32 kinds of aquatic herbs widely used in urban waterscapes are selected. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, an evaluation model including three criterion layers of ornamental value, adaptability and growth characteristics and 10 evaluation factors is established to discuss and research on the selection and application of aquatic herbs. The results show that 32 aquatic herbs can be divided into three grades, of which 6 species are grade I, 11 species are grade II, and 15 species are grade III. Ruellia simplex, Cyperus involucratus Isachne globosa and Acorus calamus are recommended as low-maintenance urban waterscapes plants.
Key words: Low-maintenance; Waterscape construction; Aquatic herbs; Evaluation
城市水体景观是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,具有水体净化、维护生态多样性、游憩等综合功能[1~2]。随着低碳节约型社会建设和“碳中和”行动的不断深入,低维护、高效益的水体景观营造越发重要。当前,城市公园、居住区等的水体植物景观营造常通过大量投入高密度的草本植物,结合工程措施,达到造景与水体净化的目的,但每年植物的冬枯收割与更换,容易造成管理、维护费用上升和废弃物处理难等问题。因此,有必要引入低维护景观营造举措,建构以乔木、灌木、草本植物复层群落结构为主的水景植物配置方法,兼顾植物景观效果的同时,在养护管理上实现“低成本、低能耗、低人工、低环境影响”的生态型建造措施[3]。……
