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环境正义国内外研究进展与趋势

2021-02-18夏梦姿邱慧

广东园林 2021年6期

夏梦姿 邱慧

摘要:随着全球环境问题日益加剧以及公众的环境与社会公平意识的不断提高,“环境正义”成为当今国内外研究热点。使用VOSviewer文献计量工具,以Web of Science核心合集数据库和中国知网(CNKI)作为数据来源,收集整理了近40年国内外环境正义研究的相关文献,通过文献发展态势、关键词聚类与时区聚类分析等,总结了国内外环境正义的发展阶段及特点,并从绿地空间区位配置、绿地可达性、绿地供给与人口需求的匹配程度、对弱势群体的关注、空间绩效和环境绅士化6个方面揭示了当前国内风景园林学科领域环境正义研究的热点。

关键词:环境正义;文献计量;VOSviewer

中图分类号:TU986

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1671-2641(2021)06-0058-05

收稿日期:2021-04-08

修回日期:2021-06-14

Abstract: With the aggravation of global environmental problems, the public’s awareness of environmental and social equity has been increasing, and environmental justice has gradually become a research hotspot at home and abroad. This paper collected and collated literatures on environmental justice research at home and abroad in the past 40 years from core collection database of Web of Science and CNKI. Then VOSviewer, a bibliometric tool, was used to in-depth analysis of development stages and characteristics of environmental justice through literature development trend, keyword clustering and time zone clustering analysis. Six hot topics of environmental justice research in the field of landscape architecture in China were revealed with the help of VOSviewer, which are spatial allocation of green space, accessibility of green space, matching degree of green space supply and population demand, concern for vulnerable groups, spatial performance, and environmental gentrification.

Key words: Environmental justice; Bibliometrics; VOSviewer

“環境正义”指全人类不分国家、地区、肤色、性别、贫富等,都同等地享有健康以及可持续性发展的环境权利[1]。20世纪80年代,一场源自美国北卡罗莱纳州沃伦县的旨在反对在黑人及少数族群地区建立有毒垃圾倾倒场的游行,拉开了环境正义运动的序幕,使得长期隐藏于美国社会的“环境不公平”现象与底层民众的环境正义呼声得到关注[2]。作为和谐社会的有机组成,环境正义一方面明确了所有人都应平等享有清洁环境的权利,而避免遭受不利环境造成的伤害;另一方面也强调了环境保护的责任与义务,成为反对环境保护中不平等现象的重要理论武器[3]。

历经半个世纪的发展,世界各国学者对环境正义的研究从最初的现象分析,逐步深入到理论研究,涌现出一批优秀研究成果,但目前对环境正义的研究范畴、发展过程和前沿动态等仍未形成清晰的认知。……

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