赵敏 贺志清 宋双官

摘 要：核电厂凝汽器热交换器为核电站常规岛二回路系统提供高质量的冷却水。凝汽器热交换器内传热管由于各种原因，在运行中会产生穿孔、锈蚀、凹坑、管口缺失等缺陷，传热管泄漏将影响系统设备的正常运行。传热管在役检查是保证其安全稳定运行的重要手段，对于传热管的检查通常采用涡流检验、泄漏检验及目视检验的方法，而目视检验可以有效补充涡流检验及泄漏检验的不足，可见部分能准确直观的判别其性质，同时目视检验对异常传热管的成因分析也可以提供帮助。目視检验在核电厂凝汽器热交换器的在役检查及失效分析中发挥着重要作用，保证了机组安全稳定运行。

关键词：热交换器  缺陷  目视检验  钛管  分析

中图分类号：TM623文献标识码：A     文章编号：1672-3791（2021）12（a）-0000-00

The Application of Visual Inspection in the Inspection of Condenser Heat Exchanger in

Nuclear Power Plants

ZHAO Min1  HE Zhiqing1  SONG ShuangGuan2

（1.State Nuclear Power Plant Service Company，Shanghai， 200233 China;2. Shanghai Lanya Petrochemical Equipment Inspection Institute Co.， Ltd.， Shanghai，201518，China）

Abstract：The condenser heat exchanger of nuclear power plant provides high-quality cooling water for the conventional island second circuit system of nuclear power plant. Due to various reasons， the heat transfer pipe in the condenser heat exchanger will produce defects such as perforation， rust， pit， pipe mouth loss， etc. in operation， and the leakage of heat transfer pipe will affect the normal operation of the system equipment. Heat transfer pipe in service inspection is an important means to ensure its safe and stable operation， for the heat transfer pipe inspection usually uses vortex inspection， leakage inspection and visual inspection methods， and visual inspection can effectively supplement the vortex inspection and leakage test deficiency， visible part can accurately and intuitively determine its nature， while visual inspection of abnormal heat transfer pipe cause analysis can also help. Visual inspection plays an important role in the in-service inspection and failure analysis of circulating cooling water heat exchangers in nuclear power plants， ensuring the safe and stable operation of the unit.

Key Words： Heat exchanger; Defect; Visual inspection; Titanium tube; Analysis

1前言

凝汽器又称冷凝器，是核电厂常规岛的一个重要设备，在汽轮机组的热力循环系统中起着冷却作用，它对整个核电厂的安全运行、保证核电厂经济效益具有重要作用。凝汽器传热管的泄漏将会影响核电厂二回路水质，严重时会影响机组功率，甚至导致机组停机，直接影响核电厂的经济效益[1]。凝汽器热交换器管壳侧的介质分别是海水和蒸汽，采用海水冷却来自低压缸的蒸汽。

1.1凝汽器的结构

凝汽器是热力系统的冷源设备，它分为表面式和混合式两种，表面式更为常用[2]。其结构如图1所示，凝汽器有外壳、端盖、管板、冷却水管、热水井及挡板、隔板等组成。……