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河南省冬小麦干旱指数特征分析及风险评估

2021-02-03颜玉倩何赵祥睿朱克云

农学学报 2021年3期

颜玉倩 何赵祥睿 朱克云

摘要:为了研究干旱对河南省冬小麦产量形成的影响,准确评估干旱造成的危害程度。笔者利用河南省气候资料、冬小麦产量资料,商丘灌溉资料分析冬小麦完成各发育期的气象条件,利用Z指数等方法,讨论冬小麦干旱的时空分布特征,并对河南省冬小麦干旱风险区划。结果表明:(1)河南省冬小麦丰年和歉年降水条件东西部差异较大,当东部(西部)全生育期降水>263 mm (284 mm)时,降水条件有利于冬小麦生长和产量形成;(2)在时间分布上,1965—2014年河南省Z指数呈下降趋势,趋于干旱;空间上呈自西北向东南减少趋势;(3)河南省干旱风险呈自西向东逐渐减小的分布特征。

关键词:冬小麦;干旱指数;Z指数;风险区划;风险评估;河南省

中图分类号:S423文献标志码:A论文编号:cjas20190400017

Winter Wheat in Henan: Drought Index Characteristics and Risk Assessment

Yan Yuqian1,2, He Zhaoxiangrui2, Zhu Keyun2

(1Qinghai Institute of Meteorological Science/Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China;2College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology/ Key Laboratory of Plateau Atmosphere and Environment in Sichuan, Chengdu 610225, Sichuan, China)

Abstract: To study the effect of drought on winter wheat yield, evaluate the damage caused by drought, based on data of climate and winter wheat yield of Henan Province, as well as the irrigation data of Shangqiu, we analyzed the meteorological conditions of winter wheat during each development period, and discussed the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of winter wheat drought by Z index, and carried out the drought risk zoning of winter wheat in Henan. The results showed that: (1) the precipitation conditions of winter wheat in abundant and poor years in Henan varied greatly from east to west, the precipitation >263 mm (284 mm) during the whole growth period in the east (west) was conducive to the growth and yield of winter wheat; (2) in terms of time distribution, Z index showed a downward trend in Henan during 1965-2014, tending to drought; in terms of space, it showed a decreasing trend from northwest to southeast; (3) the drought risk in Henan was decreasing gradually from west to east.

Keywords: Winter Wheat; Drought Index; Z Index; Risk Zoning; Risk Assessment; Henan

0引言

河南省是中國冬小麦的主产区,在全国夏粮种植中占据重要位置,其产量的高低直接影响到中国夏粮的丰欠;近年来,随着农业种植技术的提升和农业机械化的推进,冬小麦的产量有了明显的提高[1-3]。但干旱作为河南省最主要的灾害之一,具有出现频率高、持续时间长、影响范围广特点,仍然制约着冬小麦的生产。而干旱的预测与预警,是降低冬小麦干旱损失的重要预防手段。因此,冬小麦的风险评估就显得尤为重要,较好的风险评估可以提升防范意识,采取人工增雨、引水灌溉等措施以降低干旱对冬小麦未来的影响。

目前,进行农业气象灾害风险评估的方法主要有风险指数法、GIS、信息扩散、主成分分析、综合定权等几种方法[4-9]。……

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