黄水珍 冯德庆 黄秀声 黄小云

摘要：為了明确大麦‘花22’不同生育期的饲用品质。以‘花22’为材料，分别在拔节期、灌浆后期、乳熟期和完熟期进行刈割，测定其常规营养成分、脂肪酸组成、氨基酸组成及呕吐毒素含量。结果表明：从拔节期至完熟期，随着生育期的延长，粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙、磷含量显著下降（P<0.05）；干物质和木质素含量显著增加（P<0.05）。脂肪酸组成中C18：3n3含量、氨基酸组成中的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量、呈味氨基酸均显著下降（P<0.05）。粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量呈阶段性波动，其中从拔节期至灌浆后期，粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量显著增加（P<0.05），灌浆后期期达到最大值，之后显著下降（P<0.05）。完熟期检测出呕吐毒素含量为560.50μg/kg，拔节期、灌浆后期和乳熟期未检测出呕吐毒素。综上各生育期比较，拔节期‘花22’的营养品质最好，粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量达到最大值（20.44%、4.71%），粗纤维含量最低（20.40%）。拔节期‘花22’的营养品质与黑麦草相近，无显著性差异（P>0.05）。灌浆后期、乳熟期和完熟期‘花22’的营养品质显著低于黑麦草（P<0.05）。拔节期、灌浆后期‘花22’的营养品质高于带穗玉米秸秆，完熟期的‘花22’的营养品质低于带穗玉米秸秆。在闽北种植的‘花22’完熟期不能作为青饲料使用。

关键词：大麦；饲用品质；呕吐毒素；生育期；脂肪酸组成；氨基酸组成

中图分类号：S512.32文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20191200299

Forage Quality and Vomitoxin Content of Barley‘Hua 22’at Different Growth Stages

Huang Shuizhen1， Feng Deqing2， Huang Xiusheng2， Huang Xiaoyun2

（1Agricultural Sciences Institute of Nanping， Jianyang 354200， Fujian， China；2Agricultural Ecology Institute，

Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Hilly Red Soil， Fuzhou 350013， Fujian， China）

Abstract： To define the forage quality of barley‘Hua 22’in different growth stages， the cutting was performed at jointing stage， late filling stage， milk stage and full ripe stage， and then the determination of normal composition of nutrition， fatty acid composition， amino acid composition and vomitoxin content was carried out. The results showed that with the extension of growth period， some data indexes such as crude protein， crude fat， calcium and phosphorus content dropped significantly from jointing stage to full ripe stage， but there was a significant increase in dry matter and lignin content （P<0.05）. The contents of C18： 3n3 in the fatty acid composition， the total amount of amino acids， essential amino acids， flavor amino acids in the amino acid composition were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The contents of crude fiber， neutral detergent fiber， and acid detergent fiber fluctuated with stages. They increased significantly from jointing stage to late filling stage（P<0.05）， and reached the maximum value at late filling stage， then decreased significantly （P<0.05）. It was detected that the vomitoxin content was 560.50μg/kg at full ripe stage， but nothing was detected at jointing stage， late filling stage and milk stage. To sum up， in different growth stages， the nutrient quality of barley‘Hua 22’was the best at jointing stage. The crude protein and crude fat contents achieved the maximum value（20.44%， 4.71%）， and the crude fiber content was the lowest （20.40%）. During this period， the nutritional quality of barley‘Hua 22’was similar to that of ryegrass， and there was no significant difference （P>0.05）. However， when entering the late filling stage， milk stage and full ripe stage， the nutritional quality of barley‘Hua 22’was significantly lower than that of ryegrass （P<0.05）. Compared with the eared corn stalks， the nutritional quality of barley‘Hua 22’is higher at jointing stage and late filling stage， but lower at full ripe stage. In addition， barley‘Hua 22’grown in northern Fujian cannot be used as a green fodder in the full ripe stage.

Keywords： Hordeum vulgare L.； Forage Quality； Vomitoxin； Growth Stage； Fatty Acid Composition； Amino Acid Composition

0引言

随着畜牧业的高速发展，国内玉米等饲料原料供需矛盾增大，需要大量依靠进口。开发大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）等非常规饲料作物资源等代替玉米，对缓解饲料原料供需矛盾具有重要意义。……