漆永红 李敏权 曹素芳 蒋晶晶 李雪萍 李青青 徐美蓉 李继平

摘要：为明确党参茎基腐病害的病原、致病性和优势病原种类及其对不同杀菌剂的敏感性，采用组织分离法进行病原菌分离，并根据其培养性状、形态学和分子生物学特征进行鉴定，同时采用平皿菌丝生长抑制法测定不同药剂的敏感性。结果表明，该病害的病原为尖孢镰孢菌（Fusarium oxysporum）、茄病镰孢菌（F. sonali）和木贼镰孢菌（F. equiseti），其中尖孢镰孢菌为优势种。室内致病性测试结果表明，3种镰孢菌均可引起党参茎基腐病，其中尖孢镰孢菌的致病性最强，显著高于其他2种菌。供试药剂对菌丝生长均有抑制作用，苯醚甲环唑对3种镰孢菌具有很强的抑制活性，同时3种镰孢菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性较高。

关键词：党参；茎基腐病；镰孢菌；病原鉴定；杀菌剂；敏感性测定

中图分类号：S436.429文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2020-0052

Identification of Codonopsis pilosula Crown Rot Disease and Its Sensitivity to Fungicides

Qi Yonghong1， Li Minquan2， Cao Sufang2， Jiang Jingjing1， Li Xueping1， Li Qingqing1， Xu Meirong3， Li Jiping1

（1Institute of Plant Protection， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou 730070， Gansu， China；

2Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou 730070， Gansu， China； 3Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou 730070， Gansu， China）

Abstract： To clarify the pathogen， pathogenicity and dominant pathogen species of Codonopsis pilosula crown rot disease and their sensitivity to different fungicides， the pathogen was isolated by tissue isolation method and identified according to its culture traits， morphology and molecular biological characteristics. Meanwhile， the sensitivity of different fungicides was determined by mycelium growth inhibition method. The results showed that the disease pathogens were identified as Fusarium oxysporum， F. sonali and F. equiseti. The dominant species was F. oxysporum. Pathogenicity testing showed that the three species could cause C. pilosula crown rot disease， F. oxysporum had the strongest pathogenicity， and its disease rate and disease index had a significant difference from those of the other two. Laboratory toxicity test of different fungicides to the mycelia growth of the three species showed that difenoconazole fungicide had the strongest inhibition activity， and the three Fusarium species had the highest sensitivity to pyraclostrobin fungicide.

Keywords： Codonopsis pilosula； Crown Rot Disease； Fusarium spp.； Pathogen Identification； Fungicides； Sensitivity Testing

0引言

黨参（Codonopsis pilosula）为桔梗科党参属，多年生草本植物，产自中国北方海拔1560～3100 m的山地林边及灌丛中。党参为中国常用的传统补益药，具有补中益气、健脾益肺的功效，主要有增强免疫力、扩张血管、降压、改善微循环、增强造血功能等作用[1]。根据外形和产地不同，党参分为西党、潞党、东党和条党[2]。甘肃省渭源县是中国党参之乡，主要生产白条党参。随着党参人工栽培面积的逐年扩大，生长环境的改变和病原菌的不断积累，病害已成为制约党参产量和品质的重要因素之一。

国内一些学者对党参的病害进行了研究。王艳等[3]报……